The Onset of Thermohaline Convection in a Linearly-Stratified Horizontal Layer,"

The convective stability of a horizontal layer of water with salt and heat addition from below was studied experimentally. Th

Moxifloxacin induced fatal hepatotoxicity in a 72-year-old man: a case report

Moxifloxacin is a newer-generation synthetic fluoroquinolone that is used for treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and skin/skin structure infections. We describe a case of fatal hepatotoxicity caused by Moxifloxacin in a 72-year-old man. He presented with jaundice and epigastric tenderness that started one week after being treated for acute exacerbation of his chronic bronchitis with Moxifloxacin by his primary care physician. He was admitted to intensive care unit for close monitoring. His labs showed marked elevation in liver enzymes and bilirubin. His condition continued to deteriorate in intensive care unit despite supportive care. Acute hepatic failure which resulted in his death was attributed to idiosyncratic reaction to Moxifloxacin

Radiating Effectiveness of Annular-Finned Space Radiators, Including Mutual Irradiation between Radiator Elements

the authors also provide an approximate quantitative number for the accuracy of the numerical results. Based on the authors' results of Figs. 8 and 9, the fully developed periodic flow is achieved at x/L = 4 and 30 for Re = 200 and 1600 respectively for L/H = 1. Would the authors first quantitatively define the periodic fully developed flow, and then provide the tabular values of x/L as functions of L/H and Re for L/H = 0.2,0.5,1,2 and 5, and the covered range of Re. A research task remains further refining the analytical model to correlate better the performance of interrupted wall surface with the experimental results. Subsequently, the more complex heat exchanger surfaces could be analyzed. In the meanwhile, this paper by Prof. Sparrow and his colleagues serves as a reminder that the flow and heat transfer phenomena in a compact heat exchanger are too complex to analyze. A better quantitative understanding of the flow phenomena is essential for better correlations and improved heat exchanger design. Additional Reference Authors' Closure We are appreciative of the perspectives conveyed by Dr. Shah's Discussion. With regard to the role of vortices and wakes, there are, assuredly, conditions where they will affect both the heat transfer and friction. On the other hand, there are conditions for which no significant effect will be felt. Perspectives on these conditions are conveyed in references [11] and [12]. In connection with the identification of the periodically developed regime in Figs. 8 and 9, there is considerable latitude depending on the selected criterion. Since all portions of a velocity or temperature profile do not develop with equal rapidity, there are various criteria that can be employed. It was for this reason that we did not quote development lengths in the paper. Additional References 11 Kottke, V., Blenke, H., and Schmidt, K. G., "The Influence of Nose Section and Turbulence Intensity on the Flow Around Thick Plates in Parallel Flow," Warme-und Stoffubertragung, Vol. 10,1977, pp. 159-174. 12 Loehrke, R. I., Roadman, R. E., and Read, G. W" ASME Paper The purpose of this discussion is to point out how one of Minning's results can be generalized. In his analysis of the inverted conical frustrum, Minning has chosen to express his results in terms of four variables-the cone half angle fi, the height of the frustrum h, the radial location of the differential element p, and the vertical distance from the differential element to the extended frustrums' vertex s. In my view, this last choice is not the natural one and indeed it obscures the generality of the result expressed by equation It appears that a better choice of variable would be the radius of the frustrum in the plane of the element or ring, which is given by r = -s tan fi. If s is thereby eliminated from equation With respect to this latter point, one may note, as was done for a cylinder by Sparrow, et al. [1] that the shape factor in question can be considered as the sum of two parts-one being a circular segment and, in this case, the other being a tilted triangular plate frustrum. 1 By C. P. Minning, published in the August, 1977 issue of the JOURNAL OP HEAT TRANSFER, Vol. 99, No. 3, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245. Since the former is known [2], the latter can be readily obtained and subsequently expressed in variables more suitable for that configuration. This, of course, introduces new possibilities too numerous to mention. Finally, since Minning does not mention any analytical checks of his result, it is pointed out that, when /3 = 0, it reduces to a form equivalent to that for the cylinder [1]. Additional References 1 Sparrow, E. M., Miller, G. B., and Jonsson, V. K., "Radiating Effectiveness of Annular-Finned Space Radiators, Including Mutual Irradiation between Radiator Elements," Journal Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 29, 1962, pp. 1291-1299 2 Sparrow, E. M., "A New and Simpler Formulation for Radiative Angle Factors," ASME JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER, Vol. 85,1963, pp. 81-88. Author's Closure I appreciate Dr. Nelson's pointing out that the applicability of equation An alternate expression that avoids this confusion can be derived by substitution of the relation r = -s tanjtf, as suggested by Dr. Nelson, and the relation a = (7r/2) -fi into equation C^)] [(h cot a + r) -In this expression, a is the angle between the plane of dAi and the sloping side of the conical frustrum. Values of a are always positive and lie in the range 0 < « < TT. For 0 < « < 7r/2, the frustrum opens upward away from the plane of dA\. For 7r/2 < a < w, the frustrum opens downward toward the plane of dAi. The special case, a = it 12