A Theoretical Study on Spin-Dependent Transport of "Ferromagnet/Carbon Nanotube Encapsulating Magnetic Atoms/Ferromagnet" Junctions with 4-Valued Conductances

As a novel function of ferromagnet (FM)/spacer/FM junctions, we theoretically investigate multiple-valued (or multi-level) cell property, which is in principle realized by sensing conductances of four states recorded with magnetization configurations of two FMs; (up,up), (up,down), (down,up), (down,down). In order to sense all the states, 4-valued conductances corresponding to the respective states are necessary. We previously proposed that 4-valued conductances are obtained in FM1/spin-polarized spacer (SPS)/FM2 junctions, where FM1 and FM2 have different spin polarizations, and the spacer depends on spin [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15, 8797 (2003)]. In this paper, an ideal SPS is considered as a single-wall armchair carbon nanotube encapsulating magnetic atoms, where the nanotube shows on-resonance or off-resonance at the Fermi level according to its length. The magnitude of the obtained 4-valued conductances has an opposite order between the on-resonant nanotube and the off-resonant one, and this property can be understood by considering electronic states of the nanotube. Also, the magnetoresistance ratio between (up,up) and (down,down) can be larger than the conventional one between parallel and anti-parallel configurations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Theoretical study of a localized quantum spin reversal by the sequential injection of spins in a spin quantum dot

This is a theoretical study of the reversal of a localized quantum spin induced by sequential injection of spins for a spin quantum dot that has a quantum spin. The system consists of ``electrode/quantum well(QW)/dot/QW/electrode" junctions, in which the left QW has an energy level of conduction electrons with only up-spin. We consider a situation in which up-spin electrons are sequentially injected from the left electrode into the dot through the QW and an exchange interaction acts between the electrons and the localized spin. To describe the sequentially injected electrons, we propose a simple method based on approximate solutions from the time-dependent Schr$\ddot{\rm o}$dinger equation. Using this method, it is shown that the spin reversal occurs when the right QW has energy levels of conduction electrons with only down-spin. In particular, the expression of the reversal time of a localized spin is derived and the upper and lower limits of the time are clearly expressed. This expression is expected to be useful for a rough estimation of the minimum relaxation time of the localized spin to achieve the reversal. We also obtain analytic expressions for the expectation value of the localized spin and the electrical current as a function of time. In addition, we found that a system with the non-magnetic right QW exhibits spin reversal or non-reversal depending on the exchange interaction.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B, typos correcte

Magnetoresistance Effect in Spin-Polarized Junctions of Ferromagnetically Contacting Multiple Conductive Paths: Applications to Atomic Wires and Carbon Nanotubes

For spin-polarized junctions of ferromagnetically contacting multiple conductive paths, such as ferromagnet (FM)/atomic wires/FM and FM/carbon nanotubes/FM junctions, we theoretically investigate spin-dependent transport to elucidate the intrinsic relation between the number of paths and conduction, and to enhance the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio. When many paths are randomly located between the two FMs, electronic wave interference between the FMs appears, and then the MR ratio increases with increasing number of paths. Furthermore, at each number of paths, the MR ratio for carbon nanotubes becomes larger than that for atomic wires, reflecting the characteristic shape of points in contact with the FM.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics and Seiberg-Witten Map

In order to overcome ambiguity problem on identification of mathematical objects in noncommutative theory with physical observables, quantum mechanical system coupled to the NC U(1) gauge field in the noncommutative space is reformulated by making use of the unitarized Seiberg-Witten map, and applied to the Aharonov-Bohm and Hall effects of the NC U(1) gauge field. Retaining terms only up to linear order in the NC parameter \theta, we find that the AB topological phase and the Hall conductivity have both the same formulas as those of the ordinary commutative space with no \theta-dependence.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, uses revtex4; 8 pages, conclusion changed, Appendix adde

Submillimeter Wave ESR Study of Spin Gap Excitations in CuGeO3

Transitions between the ground singlet state to the excited triplet state has been observed in CuGeO3 by means of submillimeter wave electron spin resonance. The strong absorption intensity shows the break down of the selection rule. The energy gap at zero field is evaluated to be 570 GHz(2.36 meV) and this value is nearly identical to the gap at the zone center observed by inelastic neutron scattering. The absorption intensity shows strong field orientation dependence but shows no significant dependence on magnetic field intensity. These features have been explained by considering the existence of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) antisymmetric exchange interaction. The doping effect on this singlet-triplet excitation has been also studied. A drastic broadening of the absorption line is observed by the doping of only 0.5 % of Si.Comment: 6 pages, 8figures submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Spin-Atomic Vibration Interaction and Spin-Flip Hamiltonian of a Single Atomic Spin in a Crystal Field

We derive the spin-atomic vibration interaction $V_{\rm SA}$ and the spin-flip Hamiltonian $V_{\rm SF}$ of a single atomic spin in a crystal field. We here apply the perturbation theory to a model with the spin-orbit interaction and the kinetic and potential energies of electrons. The model also takes into account the difference in vibration displacement between an effective nucleus and electrons, \Delta {{\boldmath r}}. Examining the coefficients of $V_{\rm SA}$ and $V_{\rm SF}$, we first show that $V_{\rm SA}$ appears for \Delta {{\boldmath r}}$\ne$0, while $V_{\rm SF}$ is present independently of \Delta {{\boldmath r}}. As an application, we next obtain $V_{\rm SA}$ and $V_{\rm SF}$ of an Fe ion in a crystal field of tetragonal symmetry. It is found that the magnitudes of the coefficients of $V_{\rm SA}$ can be larger than those of the conventional spin-phonon interaction depending on vibration frequency. In addition, transition probabilities per unit time due to $V_{\rm SA}$ and $V_{\rm SF}$ are investigated for the Fe ion with an anisotropy energy of $-|D|S_Z^2$, where $D$ is an anisotropy constant and $S_Z$ is the $Z$ component of a spin operator.Comment: 55 pages, 17 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 (2010) No. 11, typos correcte

Spin-dynamics of the low-dimensional magnet (CH3)2NH2CuCl3

Dimethylammonium copper (II) chloride (also known as DMACuCl3 or MCCL) is a low dimensional S=1/2 quantum spin system proposed to be an alternating ferro-antiferromagnetic chain with similar magnitude ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions. Subsequently, it was shown that the existing bulk measurements could be adequately modeled by considering DMACuCl3 as independent AFM and FM dimer spin pairs. We present here new inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the spin-excitations in single crystals of DMACuCl3. These results show significant quasi-one-dimensional coupling, however the magnetic excitations do not propagate along the expected direction. We observe a band of excitations with a gap of 0.95 meV and a bandwidth of 0.82 meV.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures included in text, submitted to proceedings of International Conference on Neutron Scattering, December 200

Far-Infrared Spectroscopy in Spin-Peierls Compound CuGeO_3 under High Magnetic Fields

Polarized far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopic measurements and FIR magneto-optical studies were performed on the inorganic spin-Peierls compound CuGeO_3. An absorption line, which was found at 98 cm$^{-1}$ in the dimerized phase (D phase), was assigned to a folded phonon mode of B$_{3u}$ symmetry. The splitting of the folded mode into two components in the incommensurate phase (IC phase) has been observed for the first time. A new broad absorption centered at 63 cm$^{-1}$ was observed only in the ${\bf E}\parallel b$ axis polarization, which was assigned to a magnetic excitation from singlet ground state to a continuum state.Comment: 9 pages multicolREVTeX, 10 figure

On plane wave and vortex-like solutions of noncommutative Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory

We investigate the spectrum of the gauge theory with Chern-Simons term on the noncommutative plane, a modification of the description of the Quantum Hall fluid recently proposed by Susskind. We find a series of the noncommutative massive ``plane wave'' solutions with polarization dependent on the magnitude of the wave-vector. The mass of each branch is fixed by the quantization condition imposed on the coefficient of the noncommutative Chern-Simons term. For the radially symmetric ansatz a vortex-like solution is found and investigated. We derive a nonlinear difference equation describing these solutions and we find their asymptotic form. These excitations should be relevant in describing the Quantum Hall transitions between plateaus and the end transition to the Hall Insulator.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX (JHEP), 1 figure, added references, version accepted to JHE

The Noncommutative Harmonic Oscillator based in Simplectic Representation of Galilei Group

In this work we study symplectic unitary representations for the Galilei group. As a consequence the Schr\"odinger equation is derived in phase space. The formalism is based on the non-commutative structure of the star-product, and using the group theory approach as a guide a physical consistent theory in phase space is constructed. The state is described by a quasi-probability amplitude that is in association with the Wigner function. The 3D harmonic oscillator and the noncommutative oscillator are studied in phase space as an application, and the Wigner function associated to both cases are determined.Comment: 7 pages,no figure