Use of a Generalized Additive Model to Investigate Key Abiotic Factors Affecting Microcystin Cellular Quotas in Heavy Bloom Areas of Lake Taihu

Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China and is suffering from serious cyanobacterial blooms with the associated drinking water contamination by microcystin (MC) for millions of citizens. So far, most studies on MCs have been limited to two small bays, while systematic research on the whole lake is lacking. To explain the variations in MC concentrations during cyanobacterial bloom, a large-scale survey at 30 sites across the lake was conducted monthly in 2008. The health risks of MC exposure were high, especially in the northern area. Both Microcystis abundance and MC cellular quotas presented positive correlations with MC concentration in the bloom seasons, suggesting that the toxic risks during Microcystis proliferations were affected by variations in both Microcystis density and MC production per Microcystis cell. Use of a powerful predictive modeling tool named generalized additive model (GAM) helped visualize significant effects of abiotic factors related to carbon fixation and proliferation of Microcystis (conductivity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), water temperature and pH) on MC cellular quotas from recruitment period of Microcystis to the bloom seasons, suggesting the possible use of these factors, in addition to Microcystis abundance, as warning signs to predict toxic events in the future. The interesting relationship between macrophytes and MC cellular quotas of Microcystis (i.e., high MC cellular quotas in the presence of macrophytes) needs further investigation

Erstnachweis von <i>Taiwania</i>, <i>Cryptomeria</i> und <i>Liquidambar</i> aus dem Bitterfelder und Baltischen Bernstein

Aus dem untermiozänen Bernstein von Bitterfeld (Sachsen-Anhalt) werden erstmalig ein strukturzeigender Zweig von <i>Taiwania schaeferi</i>, ein isoliertes Nadel-Fragment von <i>Cryptomeria</i> sp. sowie ein Fruchtstand von <i>Liquidambar europaea</i> beschrieben. Außerdem muß “<i>Widdringtonites oblongifolius</i>” (Goeppert & Menge) Caspary & Klebs 1906/07 pro parte aus dem obereozänen Baltischen Bernstein nach morphologisch-anatomischen Merkmalskomplexen ebenfalls zu <i>Taiwania schaeferi</i> gestellt werden. “<i>Enormicutis eoconferta</i>” — aff. <i>Cryptomeria</i> spec. (Schneider 1986) aus der obereozänen Braunkohle von Nordwestsachsen muß nach morphologisch-anatomischen Details zu <i>Athrotaxis couttsiae</i> (Heer) Gardner revidiert werden. <br><br> First record of <i>Taiwania</i>, <i>Cryptomeria</i> and <i>Liquidambar</i> from Bitterfeld and Baltic amber <br><br> A structure-bearing twig of <i>Taiwania schaeferi</i>, an isolated needle-fragment of <i>Cryptomeria</i> spec. as also an aggregate fruit of <i>Liquidambar europaea</i> are firstly described from the Lower Miocene amber of Bitterfeld (Saxony-Anhalt). Moreover “<i>Widdringtonites oblongifolius</i>” (Goeppert & Menge) Caspary & Klebs 1906/07 p.p. from the Upper Eocene Baltic amber after morphological-anatomical features must be also assigned to <i>Taiwania schaeferi</i>. “<i>Enormicutis eoconferta</i>” — aff. <i>Cryptomeria sp.</i> (Schneider 1986) from the Upper Eocene brown-coal of North Western Saxony after morphological-anatomical details must be revised to <i>Athrotaxis couttsiae</i> (Heer) Gardner. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.19980010112" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.19980010112</a

Erstnachweis von <i>Taiwania</i>, <i>Cryptomeria</i> und <i>Liquidambar</i> aus dem Bitterfelder und Baltischen Bernstein

Aus dem untermiozänen Bernstein von Bitterfeld (Sachsen-Anhalt) werden erstmalig ein strukturzeigender Zweig von Taiwania schaeferi, ein isoliertes Nadel-Fragment von Cryptomeria sp. sowie ein Fruchtstand von Liquidambar europaea beschrieben. Außerdem muß “Widdringtonites oblongifolius” (Goeppert & Menge) Caspary & Klebs 1906/07 pro parte aus dem obereozänen Baltischen Bernstein nach morphologisch-anatomischen Merkmalskomplexen ebenfalls zu Taiwania schaeferi gestellt werden. “Enormicutis eoconferta” — aff. Cryptomeria spec. (Schneider 1986) aus der obereozänen Braunkohle von Nordwestsachsen muß nach morphologisch-anatomischen Details zu Athrotaxis couttsiae (Heer) Gardner revidiert werden. First record of Taiwania, Cryptomeria and Liquidambar from Bitterfeld and Baltic amber A structure-bearing twig of Taiwania schaeferi, an isolated needle-fragment of Cryptomeria spec. as also an aggregate fruit of Liquidambar europaea are firstly described from the Lower Miocene amber of Bitterfeld (Saxony-Anhalt). Moreover “Widdringtonites oblongifolius” (Goeppert & Menge) Caspary & Klebs 1906/07 p.p. from the Upper Eocene Baltic amber after morphological-anatomical features must be also assigned to Taiwania schaeferi. “Enormicutis eoconferta” — aff. Cryptomeria sp. (Schneider 1986) from the Upper Eocene brown-coal of North Western Saxony after morphological-anatomical details must be revised to Athrotaxis couttsiae (Heer) Gardner. doi:10.1002/mmng.19980010112</a

First record of <i>Ephemeropsis, Coptoclava, Coleoptera</i> inc. sed. and <i>Turfanograpta</i> from Lower Cretaceous paper-shales of the western-most site of Mongolia

Nymph-fragments (and detached cerci) of the may-fly <i>Ephemeropsis trisetalis</i> Eichwald and the water-beetle <i>Coptoclava longipoda</i> Ping, a coleopteran and a shell-fragment of the conchostracan <i>Turfanograpta</i> sp. are described for the first time from Lower Cretaceous paper-shales of Bajan-Khongor, Mongolia. The assemblage <i>Lycoptera</i> (fishes included in the Order Osteoglossiformes, Fam. Lycopteridae)-<i>Ephemeropsis-Coptoclava</i> correlates with Lower Cretaceous deposits in Transbaikalia, Mongolia and North-Eastern China. The fern-species <i>Adiantopteris sewardi</i> (Yabe) Vassiljevskaja and <i>Adiantopteris toyoraënsis</i> (Oishi) Vassiljevskaja occur in fine-sandstones of Bajan-Khongor (Jähnichen & Kahlert 1972). Their importance as Early Cretaceous flora-elements is discussed. <br><br> Larvenfragmente und isolierte Cerci der Eintagsfliege <i>Ephemeropsis trisetalis</i> Eichwald und vom Wasserkäfer <i>Coptoclava longipoda</i> Ping, und ein Schalenfragment der Conchostrake <i>Turfanograpta</i> sp. werden erstmalig aus unterkretazischen Dysodilen von Bajan-Khongor in der Mongolei beschrieben. Die Faunengemeinschaft <i>Lycoptera</i> (Fische der Ordnung Osteoglossiformes, Fam. Lycopteridae)-<i>Ephemeropsis-Coptoclava</i> tritt gleichzeitig in unterkretazischen Ablagerungen von Transbaikalien, Mongolei, und im nordöstlichen China auf. Das Vorkommen der Farnspezies <i>Adiantopteris sewardi</i> (Yabe) Vassil-jevskaja und <i>Adiantopteris toyoraënsis</i> (Oishi) Vassiljevskaja in Feinsandsteinen von Bajan-Khongor (Jähnichen & Kahlert 1972) und deren Wichtigkeit als unterkretazische Florenelemente werden diskutiert. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20000030104" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20000030104</a

First record of Ephemeropsis, Coptoclava, Coleoptera inc. sed. and Turfanograpta from Lower Cretaceous paper-shales of the western-most site of Mongolia

Nymph-fragments (and detached cerci) of the may-fly Ephemeropsis trisetalis Eichwald and the water-beetle Coptoclava longipoda Ping, a coleopteran and a shell-fragment of the conchostracan Turfanograpta sp. are described for the first time from Lower Cretaceous paper-shales of Bajan-Khongor, Mongolia. The assemblage Lycoptera (fishes included in the Order Osteoglossiformes, Fam. Lycopteridae)-Ephemeropsis-Coptoclava correlates with Lower Cretaceous deposits in Transbaikalia, Mongolia and North-Eastern China. The fern-species Adiantopteris sewardi (Yabe) Vassiljevskaja and Adiantopteris toyoraënsis (Oishi) Vassiljevskaja occur in fine-sandstones of Bajan-Khongor (Jähnichen & Kahlert 1972). Their importance as Early Cretaceous flora-elements is discussed.Larvenfragmente und isolierte Cerci der Eintagsfliege Ephemeropsis trisetalis Eichwald und vom Wasserkäfer Coptoclava longipoda Ping, und ein Schalenfragment der Conchostrake Turfanograpta sp. werden erstmalig aus unterkretazischen Dysodilen von Bajan-Khongor in der Mongolei beschrieben. Die Faunengemeinschaft Lycoptera (Fische der Ordnung Osteoglossiformes, Fam. Lycopteridae)-Ephemeropsis-Coptoclava tritt gleichzeitig in unterkretazischen Ablagerungen von Transbaikalien, Mongolei, und im nordöstlichen China auf. Das Vorkommen der Farnspezies Adiantopteris sewardi (Yabe) Vassil-jevskaja und Adiantopteris toyoraënsis (Oishi) Vassiljevskaja in Feinsandsteinen von Bajan-Khongor (Jähnichen & Kahlert 1972) und deren Wichtigkeit als unterkretazische Florenelemente werden diskutiert.doi:10.1002/mmng.2000003010

Konfessionelle Konfliktlinien in der Eurokrise: Wie protestantische, orthodoxe und katholische Solidarität die Krise verschärfen

Die europäische Krise wurde bisher vor allem unter dem Stichwort “Spielarten des Kapitalismus“ in der Wissenschaft diskutiert. Das Erklärungspotenzial von unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftskulturen in Nord und Südeuropa wurde hingegen vernachlässigt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die unterschiedlichen Solidaritätskonzepte die in Nord und Südeuropa vorherrschen, und zeigt wie sie aus den drei Hauptströmungen der europäischen Christenheit, Protestantismus, Katholizismus und Orthodoxie hervorgehen. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass diese Unterschiede einen gemeinsamen, für alle Seiten akzeptierbaren Weg aus der Krise erschweren. Religious Lines of Conflict in the European Crisis: How Solidarity of Protestantism, Orthodoxy and Catholicism Aggravate the Crisis The European crisis has so far been primarily discussed through the conceptual lens of the Varieties of Capitalism approach. Different economic cultures that underpin the different economies on the European continent as a potential source of irritation during the crisis have been neglected. This contribution shows that the different solidarity concepts that prevail in Northern and Southern Europe can be linked back to divergences between the solidarity concepts of the three main strands of Christianity in Europe: Protestantism, Catholicism and Orthodoxy. These differences make a solution to the crisis that is equally acceptable to all difficult. JEL-Klassifizierung: B, N,