523 research outputs found
Effect of quantum lattice fluctuations on the optical-absorption spectra of halogen-bridged mixed-valence transition-metal complexes
The effect of quantum lattice fluctuations on the optical-absorption spectra
in the ground state of halogen-bridged mixed-valence transition-metal
linear-chain complexes is studied by using a one-dimensional extended
Peierls-Hubbard model. The nonadiabatic effects due to finite phonon frequency
are treated through an energy-dependent electron-phonon
scattering function introduced by means of an unitary
transformation. The calculated optical-absorption spectra do not have the
inverse-square-root singularity, but they have a peak above the gap edge and
there exists a significant tail below the peak, which are consistent with the
optical-absorption coefficient or the optical conductivity measurements of this
material.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Quantum lattice fluctuations in a model electron-phonon system
An analytical approach, based on the unitary transformation method, has been
developed to study the effect of quantum lattice fluctuations on the ground
state of a model electron-phonon system. To study nonadiabatic case, the
Green's function method is used to implement the perturbation treatment. The
phase diagram and the density of states of fermions are obtained. We show that
when electron-phonon coupling constant decreases or phonon
frequency increases the lattice dimerization and the gap in the
fermion spectrum decrease gradually. At some critical value the system becomes
gapless and the lattice dimerization disappears. The inverse-square-root
singularity of the density of states at the gap edge in the adiabatic case
disappears because of the nonadiabatic effect, which is consistent with the
measurement of optical conductivity in quasi-one-dimensional systems.Comment: 9 pages, 4 ps figures include
Rab8a and Rab8b are essential for several apical transport pathways but insufficient for ciliogenesis
The small GTP-binding protein Rab8 is known to play an essential role in intracellular transport and cilia formation. We have previously demonstrated that Rab8a is required for localising apical markers in various organisms. Rab8a has a closely related isoform, Rab8b. To determine whether Rab8b can compensate for Rab8a, we generated Rab8b-knockout mice. Although the Rab8b-knockout mice did not display an overt phenotype, Rab8a and Rab8b double-knockout mice exhibited mislocalisation of apical markers and died earlier than Rab8a-knockout mice. The apical markers accumulated in three intracellular patterns in the double-knockout mice. However, the localisation of basolateral and/or dendritic markers of the double-knockout mice seemed normal. The morphology and the length of various primary and/or motile cilia, and the frequency of ciliated cells appeared to be identical in control and double-knockout mice. However, an additional knockdown of Rab10 in double-knockout cells greatly reduced the percentage of ciliated cells. Our results highlight the compensatory effect of Rab8a and Rab8b in apical transport, and the complexity of the apical transport process. In addition, neither Rab8a nor Rab8b are required for basolateral and/or dendritic transport. However, simultaneous loss of Rab8a and Rab8b has little effect on ciliogenesis, whereas additional loss of Rab10 greatly affects ciliogenesis
Charge-Transfer Excitations in One-Dimensional Dimerized Mott Insulators
We investigate the optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) dimerized Mott
insulators using the 1D dimerized extended Hubbard model. Numerical
calculations and a perturbative analysis from the decoupled-dimer limit clarify
that there are three relevant classes of charge-transfer (CT) states generated
by photoexcitation: interdimer CT unbound states, interdimer CT exciton states,
and intradimer CT exciton states. This classification is applied to
understanding the optical properties of an organic molecular material,
1,3,5-trithia-2,4,6-triazapentalenyl (TTTA), which is known for its
photoinduced transition from the dimerized spin-singlet phase to the regular
paramagnetic phase. We conclude that the lowest photoexcited state of TTTA is
the interdimer CT exciton state and the second lowest state is the intradimer
CT exciton state.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Angle-resolved photoemission study of MX-chain compound [Ni(chxn)Br]Br
We report on the results of angle-resolved photoemission experiments on a
quasi-one-dimensional -chain compound [Ni(chxn)Br]Br (chxn =
1,2-cyclohexanediamine), a one-dimensional Heisenberg system with
and K, which shows a gigantic non-linear optical effect. A "band"
having about 500 meV energy dispersion is found in the first half of the
Brillouin zone , but disappears at . Two
dispersive features, expected from the spin-charge separation, as have been
observed in other quasi-one-dimensional systems like SrCuO, are not
detected. These characteristic features are well reproduced by the -
chain model calculations with a small charge-transfer energy compared
with that of one-dimensional Cu-O based compounds. We propose that this smaller
is the origin of the absence of clear spin- and charge-separation in
the photoemission spectra and strong non-linear optical effect in
[Ni(chxn)Br]Br.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Placental Transfer of Conjugated Bisphenol A and Subsequent Reactivation in the Rat Fetus
Background : Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, is highly glucuronidated in the liver, and the resultant BPA-glucuronide (BPA-GA) is excreted primarily into bile. However, in rodents, prenatal exposure to low doses of BPA can adversely affect the fetus, despite the efficient drug-metabolizing systems of the dams. The transport mechanisms of BPA from mother to fetus are unknown. Objectives : To test our hypothesis that BPA-GA—an inactive metabolite—is passed through the placenta to the fetus, where it affects the fetus after reactivation, we investigated the placental transfer of BPA-GA and reactivation to BPA in the fetus. Methods : After performing uterine perfusion with BPA-GA in pregnant rats, we examined the expression and localization of the placental transporters for drug metabolites in the perfusate by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We also investigated the deconjugation of BPA-GA in the fetus and examined uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity toward BPA and the expression of UGT isoforms in fetal liver. Results : We detected BPA-GA and deconjugated BPA in the fetus and amniotic fluid after perfusion. In the trophoblast cells, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 4a1 (Oatp4a1) was localized on the apical membrane, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1) was localized to the basolateral membrane. We observed deconjugation of BPA-GA in the fetus; furthermore, we found the expression of UGT2B1, which metabolizes BPA, to be quite low in the fetus. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that BPA-GA is transferred into the fetus and deconjugated in the fetus because of its vulnerable drug-metabolizing system
Effects of Lattice and Molecular Phonons on Photoinduced Neutral-to-Ionic Transition Dynamics in Tetrathiafulvalene--Chloranil
For electronic states and photoinduced charge dynamics near the neutral-ionic
transition in the mixed-stack charge-transfer complex
tetrathiafulvalene--chloranil (TTF-CA), we review the effects of Peierls
coupling to lattice phonons modulating transfer integrals and Holstein
couplings to molecular vibrations modulating site energies. The former
stabilizes the ionic phase and reduces discontinuities in the phase transition,
while the latter stabilizes the neutral phase and enhances the discontinuities.
To reproduce the experimentally observed ionicity, optical conductivity and
photoinduced charge dynamics, both couplings are quantitatively important. In
particular, strong Holstein couplings to form the highly-stabilized neutral
phase are necessary for the ionic phase to be a Mott insulator with large
ionicity. A comparison with the observed photoinduced charge dynamics indicates
the presence of strings of lattice dimerization in the neutral phase above the
transition temperature.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Soliton excitations in halogen-bridged mixed-valence binuclear metal complexes
Motivated by recent stimulative observations in halogen (X)-bridged binuclear
transition-metal (M) complexes, which are referred to as MMX chains, we study
solitons in a one-dimensional three-quarter-filled charge-density-wave system
with both intrasite and intersite electron-lattice couplings. Two distinct
ground states of MMX chains are reproduced and the soliton excitations on them
are compared. In the weak-coupling region, all the solitons are degenerate to
each other and are uniquely scaled by the band gap, whereas in the
strong-coupling region, they behave differently deviating from the scenario in
the continuum limit. The soliton masses are calculated and compared with those
for conventional mononuclear MX chains.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures embedded, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
71, No. 1 (2002
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