Inventaire des mollusques d'eau douce de la Réunion. Conséquences sanitaires

L'absence de trématodoses majeures à La Réunion, situation paradoxale compte tenu de leur incidence dans les terres voisines de Madagascar et de Maurice et des liens commerciaux étroits qui ont jalonné l'histoire de ces îles justifiait d'établir le bilan des gastéropodes aquatiques vivant actuellement à La Réunion. Cent cinquante-deux stations ont ainsi été prospectées et 5 141 gastéropodes appartenant à 17 espèces récoltés. Leur écologie est évoquée. Quatre espèces pourraient être impliquées dans le cycle de trématodoses humaines et animales dont Limnaea mauritiana qui pullule dans tous les cours d'eau et Bulinus cernicus mis en évidence à Grand Etang et signalé pour la première fois dans l'île. Les mesures destinées à éviter l'implantation des bilharzioses, paramphistomoses et fascioloses humaines et animales dont le cycle passe par ces mollusques sont indiquée

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Anopheles arabiensis breeding sites in La Reunion Island - multi-year trend analysis of historical records from 1996-2009

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An often confounding facet of the dynamics of malaria vectors is the aquatic larval habitat availability and suitable conditions under which they can thrive. Here, we investigated the impact of environmental factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of <it>Anopheles </it><it>arabiensis </it>in different locations on La Reunion Island.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective examination was made from archival data which provided the complete enumeration of <it>An. arabiensis </it>breeding habitats in three distinct geographic zones - extending North-east, West and South of the island over 14 years, from January 1996 to December 2009. Data on the occurrence and the number of active larval habitats at each of a total of 4376 adjacent ellipsoid grid cells (216,506 square meters each) were used (1) to provide the geographic extent of breeding site availability from year to year and (2) to analyze associations with prevailing environmental factors, habitat types, and locations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Anopheles arabiensis </it>utilized a spectrum of man-made and natural aquatic habitats, most of which were concentrated primarily in the rock pools located in ravines and river fringes, and also in the large littoral marshes and within the irrigated agricultural zones. The numbers of breeding site per sampling grid differed significantly in different parts of the island. In contrast to an originally more widespread distribution across the island in the 1950s, detailed geographic analyses of the data obtained in the period extending from 1996-2009 showed an intriguing clustered distribution of active breeding sites in three discontinuous geographic zones, in which aquatic habitats availability fluctuates with the season and year. Seasonality in the prevalence of anopheles breeding sites suggests significant responsiveness to climatic factors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The observed retreat of <it>An. arabiensis </it>distribution range to lower altitudinal zones (< 400 m) and the upward shift in the most remote littoral areas in the northeast and southwest regions suggest the possible influence of biogeographic factors, changes in land use and control operations. The results of this study would allow for a more rational implementation of control strategies across the island.</p

Le paludisme a la Reunion apres 6 annees d'eradication: situation et moyens de lutte

CNRS AR 12266 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Positive outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: To investigate whether Australians have experienced any positive effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: National online longitudinal survey. As part of a June 2020 survey, participants (n=1370) were asked 'In your life, have you experienced any positive effects from the COVID-19 pandemic' (yes/no) and also completed the World Health Organisation-Five well-being index. Differences were explored by demographic variables. Free-text responses were thematically coded. RESULTS: 960 participants (70%) reported experiencing at least one positive effect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Living with others (p=.045) and employment situation (

Contextualising COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020 in an online social media sample

BackgroundIn Australia in March 2020 a national public health directive required that non-essential workers stay at home, except for essential activities. These restrictions began easing in May 2020 as community transmission slowed.ObjectivesThis study investigated changes in COVID prevention behaviours from April-July 2020, and psychosocial predictors of these behaviours.MethodsAn Australia-wide (national) survey was conducted in April, with monthly follow-up over four months. Participants who were adults (18+ years), currently residing in Australia and who could read and understand English were eligible. Recruitment was via online social media. Analysis sample included those who provided responses to the baseline survey (April) and at least one subsequent follow-up survey (N = 1834 out of a possible 3216 who completed the April survey). 71.7% of the sample was female (n = 1,322). Principal components analysis (PCA) combined self-reported adherence across seven prevention behaviours. PCA identified two behaviour types: ‘distancing’ (e.g. staying 1.5m away) and ‘hygiene’ (e.g. washing hands), explaining 28.3% and 24.2% of variance, respectively. Distancing and hygiene behaviours were analysed individually using multivariable regression models.ResultsOn average, participants agreed with statements of adherence for all behaviours (means all above 4 out of 7). Distancing behaviours declined each month (p’s &lt; .001), whereas hygiene behaviours remained relatively stable. For distancing, stronger perceptions of societal risk, self-efficacy to maintain distancing, and greater perceived social obligation at baseline were associated with adherence in June and July (p’s&lt;0.05). For hygiene, the only significant correlate of adherence in June and July was belief that one’s actions could prevent infection of family members (p &lt; .001).ConclusionHigh adherence to COVID prevention behaviours were reported in this social media sample; however, distancing behaviours tended to decrease over time. Belief in social responsibility may be an important aspect to consider in encouraging distancing behaviours. These findings have implications for managing a shift from government-imposed restrictions to individual responsibility.</jats:sec

Supplementary data 2: Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy

Supplementary data for Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy. Table S1. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours related to COVID-19 in full analysis sample

Supplementary data 1: Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy

Supplementary data for Disparities in COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours by health literacy. Box 1. Survey Items and Scoring Scal