Fermion masses in the economical 3-3-1 model

We show that, in frameworks of the economical 3-3-1 model, all fermions get masses. At the tree level, one up-quark and two down-quarks are massless, but the one-loop corrections give all quarks the consistent masses. This conclusion is in contradiction to the previous analysis in which, the third scalar triplet has been introduced. This result is based on the key properties of the model: First, there are three quite different scales of vacuum expectation values: \om \sim {\cal O}(1) \mathrm{TeV}, v \approx 246 \mathrm{GeV} and $u \sim {\cal O}(1) \mathrm{GeV}$. Second, there exist two types of Yukawa couplings with different strengths: the lepton-number conserving couplings $h$'s and the lepton-number violating ones $s$'s satisfying the condition in which the second are much smaller than the first ones: $s \ll h$. With the acceptable set of parameters, numerical evaluation shows that in this model, masses of the exotic quarks also have different scales, namely, the $U$ exotic quark ($q_U = 2/3$) gains mass $m_U \approx 700$ GeV, while the D_\al exotic quarks (q_{D_\al} = -1/3) have masses in the TeV scale: m_{D_\al} \in 10 \div 80 TeV.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

English Language University Teachers’ Research Activity: Untold Stories in Vietnam

This qualitative case study explores English language university teachers’ engagement in research including their interests, publications and co-operation, from which the obligation of research activity at universities in Vietnam is revealed. Twenty-one English language university teachers at Hong Duc University were invited to participate in the research. Survey questionnaire and Skype semi-structured interview were employed to collect necessary data to identify teacher participants’ involvement in research. Being seen from socio-cultural perspectives, the findings of the study indicate that how English language university teachers engage in research is inter-twined with the current context where research is done

Examining deliberative interactions for socially shared regulation in collaborative learning

Abstract. Socially shared regulation in learning (SSRL) is essential for collaborative problem-solving and innovation that are required in today’s intricated and interconnected world. Recent advancements in learning analytics (LA) and artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promising potential for delivering a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal and cyclical processes of SSRL. It remains lacking, however, a validated standard for integrating theoretical constructs, methodological assumptions, and data structure in the field, which leads to a misalignment between the theoretical and technical aspects. This thus sparks a pressing need for interdisciplinary efforts to revise and devise theoretical and methodological frameworks that take these factors into consideration. In line with this call, the thesis presents a novel approach to applying AI to advance the field of SSRL. It comprises two empirical studies that employed AI-enabled techniques to (1) record and retain qualitative information from video data of group collaboration and (2) analyse their interaction. In particular, the studies examined the sequences of group-level interactions from the theoretical perspective of SSRL and a more micro-lens of deliberative negotiation. The theoretical framework of these studies is based on the recent conceptualisation of regulation triggering events as specific events (often negative incidents or obstacles) that stimulate regulatory responses and aid in locating them. The pattern of group interactions in response to different triggering events was then examined using processing mining and unsupervised AI machine learning clustering, agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The findings suggest that regulation triggering events prompt an immediate shift in group interaction responses, in which they engage in more metacognitive and socioemotional interaction. Two types of deliberation sequences were identified through AHC analysis, with differing regulation and collaboration practices: the plan and implementation approach (PIA) and the trials and failures approach (TFA). A key observation of this study is that the shift in group interaction sequence in response to the regulatory trigger is only temporary. The majority of groups soon revert to or maintain the initial type of deliberation sequence they developed at the beginning and do not adopt it in response to regulatory demands. Theoretically, the thesis makes contributions to understanding SSRL in collaborative learning, particularly the role played by regulation triggering events and deliberation processes in finding, capturing, and modelling SSRL traces. Methodologically, this thesis demonstrates a novel human-AI collaboration approach to examine regulatory responses to triggering events through group-level deliberation to study SSRL in collaboration. Practically, the findings of this thesis suggest that educators, facilitators, and AIED tool designers need to evaluate the regulatory needs of learners and offer appropriate guidance and support in order to ensure effective collaboration

Higgs revised in Supersymmetric Economical 3-3-1 model with B/\mu-type terms

We re-investigate the scalar potential and the Higgs sector of the supersymmetric economical 3-3-1 model (SUSYE331) in the presence of the B/\mu type terms which has many important consequences. First, the model contains no massless Higgs fields. Second, we prove that the soft mass parameters of Higgses must be at the SU(3)_L scale. As a result, the masses of the Higgses drift toward this scale except one light real neutral Higgs with the mass of m_Z|cos(2\gamma)| at the tree level. We also show that there are some Higgses containing many properties of the Higgses in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), especially in the neutral Higgs sector. One exact relation in the MSSM, m^2_H^{+/-}=m^2_A+m^2_W, is still true in the SUSYE331. Based on this result we make some comments on the lepton flavor violating decays of these Higgses as one of signatures of new physics in the SUSYE331 model which may be detected by present colliders.Comment: Matches version accepted for publication in EPJC. Typos are corrected. We add a new section, a new appendix, a new figure and new references to explain more clearly the properties of the lightest neutral Higgs. Results unchange