Systematic Review Outcomes of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aim: In this review, we assessed clinical outcomes of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation and the effects of various influencing factors. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar and a hand search were used to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series till February 2013. Using multilevel Poisson regression, the annual failure rate (FR), 1-year and 5-year survival rates (SRs), infection-related root resorption rate (RR), ankylosis rate (AR), the influences of systemic antibiotics (SAs), endodontic and splinting modalities and donor tooth morphology were analysed. Failure was defined as a transplant being lost during follow-up. Results: Twenty-six studies were included. The estimated FR, RR, AR, 1-and 5-year SRs were 2.0%, 2.1%, 1.2%, 98.0% and 90.5%, respectively. The estimated FR was higher in the absence of SA, suture splinting, wire splinting ≤14 days and posterior donors. The estimated RR was higher in the absence of SA, endodontic treatment within post-operative 14 days and anterior/premolar donors. The estimated AR was higher with wire splinting and premolar donors. Conclusions: Tooth autotransplantation with complete root formation is a favourable treatment with rare FR, RR and AR. However, SAs, endodontic and splinting modalities and tooth morphology seemed to influence the outcomes

GRP78 Knockdown Enhances Apoptosis via the Down-Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Akt Pathway after Epirubicin Treatment in Colon Cancer DLD-1 Cells

INTRODUCTION: The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is induced in the cancer microenvironment and can be considered as a novel predictor of responsiveness to chemotherapy in many cancers. In this study, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation were higher in GRP78 knockdown DLD-1 colon cancer cells compared with scrambled control cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Treatment with epirubicin in GRP78 knockdown DLD-1 cells enhanced apoptosis and was associated with decreased production of intracellular ROS. In addition, apoptosis was increased by the antioxidants propyl gallate (PG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in epirubicin-treated scrambled control cells. Epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells resulted in more inactivated Akt pathway members, such as phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β, as well as downstream targets of β-catenin expression. Knockdown of Nrf2 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased apoptosis in epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells, which suggested that Nrf2 may be a primary defense mechanism in GRP78 knockdown cells. We also demonstrated that epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells could decrease survival pathway signaling through the redox activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is a serine/threonine phosphatase that negatively regulates the Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that epirubicin decreased the intracellular ROS in GRP78 knockdown cells, which decreased survival signaling through both the Akt pathway and the activation of PP2A. Together, these mechanisms contributed to the enhanced level of epirubicin-induced apoptosis that was observed in the GRP78 knockdown cells

EVALUATING MODEL UNCERTAINTY OF AN SPT-BASED SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PROBABILITY OF LIQUEFACTION

In this paper, an innovative procedure is developed for estimating the uncertainty of an empirical geotechnical model. Here, the Youd et al. (2001) method, a deterministic model for liquefaction triggering evaluation, is examined for its model uncertainty. The procedure for evaluating this model uncertainty involves two steps: 1) deriving a Bayesian mapping function based on a database of case histories, and 2) using the calibrated Bayesian mapping function as a reference to back-figure the uncertainty of the model. Details of the developed procedure within the framework of the first-order reliability method (FORM) are presented. Using FORM with the calibrated model uncertainty, the probability of liquefaction can be readily determined, and thus, the results presented in this paper extend the use of the Youd et al. (2001) method

Reproductive Characteristics of the Pond-Farmed Sultan Fish (Leptobarbus Hoevenii)

Highlight ResearchThe reproductive characteristics of L. hoevenii were examinedThe potentially smallest maturity sizes of female and male L. hoevenii were 350 g and 180 g, respectivelyThe fecundity of a 1,000 g L. hoevenii can be more than 100,000 eggsL. hoevenii was determined as a multiple spawnerAbstractSultan fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii) is a high value freshwater fish, cultured in some Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia and Thailand. However, information on its reproductive characteristics is very scarce. This study examined the gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, egg diameter, and determined whether L. hoevenii is a single- or multiple-spawner. Twenty male and female pond-farmed L. hoevenii broodstock were obtained to measure their total length (TL), body weight (BW) and gonad weight to calculate the GSI. Ten females were randomly sampled from the 20 to determine their fecundity. A total of 1,500 eggs were sampled from each female. The egg diameter was measured then its frequency distribution was analyzed to detect the number of egg class group, and to determine whether L. hoevenii is a single- or multiple spawner. The female L. hoevenii examined were 32.2-47.1 cm and 350-1,200 g, while the males were 30.7-45.8 cm and 180-970 g in TL and BW, respectively. All female specimens contained gonads. The potentially smallest mature samples were recorded at 350 g (female) and 180 g (male). GSI for the female and male L. hoevenii were 1.81-12.28 % and 1.03-5.09 %, respectively. The fecundity was 35,467 -128,067 eggs, while the highest fecundity was observed in a 1,000 g fish. The observed egg diameter ranged from 500 to 1,855 μm. Two to five groups of egg class were detected, indicating that L. hoevenii is a multiple spawner