Valorization of industrial waste as a cement addition

The objective of this work is to valorize the fly ash and oil shale ash in cement manufacturing. The use of the two products was preceded by a characterization by X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. The addition was made to several percentages (5 %, 7 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %) affine to determine the best percentage of addition. The cements which have shown a good mechanical resistance were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) before and after 3 days of hydration.The results obtained from this research show that fly ash is rich in silica and alumina, and it consists principally of mullite, hémalite, magnetite, and quartz. By against calcined oil shale are rich in CaO and are composed of quartz, calcite, anhydrite, periclase and wollastonite. The results of the mechanical resistance showed that the best percentage of addition for the fly ash is 7 % and the calcined oil shale is 10 %. The study of hydration to 3 days has allowed levying the dehydration peaks of CaO.2SiO2.3H2O and Ca(OH)2

Evaluation of the Effect of Elite Jojoba Lines on the Chemical Properties of their Seed Oil

Jojoba oil (JO) extracted from seeds has outstanding properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, and can be stored forlong periodsof time. The unique properties of jojoba oil depend on its chemical composition; therefore, the effect of the jojoba genotype on the chemical properties and active components of the seed oil was evaluated in this study. Oil samples were collected from 15 elite Egyptian jojoba lines. The chemical composition, such as moisture, crude fiber, crude oil, ash, and crude protein of elite lines’ seeds was determined to investigate the variation among them based on the jojoba genotype. In addition, the iodine value was obtained to measure the degree of jojoba oil unsaturation, whereas the peroxide number was determined as an indicator of the damage level in jojoba oil. Fatty acid composition was studied to compare elite jojoba lines. Fatty acid profiles varied significantly depending on the jojoba genotype. Gadoleic acid exhibited the highest percentage value (67.85–75.50%) in the extracted jojoba oil, followed by erucic acid (12.60–14.81%) and oleic acid (7.86–10.99%). The iodine value, peroxide number, and fatty acid composition of the tested elite jojoba lines were compared withthose reported by the International Jojoba Export Council (IJEC). The results showed that the chemical properties of jojoba oils varied significantly, depending on the jojoba genotype