Europske migracije Istok − Zapad i uloga motivacije u željama za migracijom

International migration has been extensively studied in the second half of the century, but mainly from economic, demographic, sociological and cultural-anthropological viewpoints. Psychologists have shown somewhat less interest in the issue, focusing on acculturation and adjustment problems of migrants. With the globalization and acceleration of migration at present, the authors argue, psychologists should also get more involved in better understanding the "migrant personality". They propose a model of the motivational structure of emigrants. This model was tested with 1,050 college students in three Central/East European countries: Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. As predicted, it was found that students who want to emigrate have higher achievement and power motivation than students who do not want to emigrate. If this pattern is confirmed in other studies, this could have a significant effect on migration policy and research.Međunarodne migracije su se sveobuhvatno proučavale u drugoj polovici stoljeća, ali većinom s ekonomskog, demografskog, sociološkog i kulturno-antropološkog gledišta. Psiholozi su pokazali manje interesa za ovu temu, usredotočujući se na akulturaciju i probleme prilagodbe kod migranata. Sa sadašnjom globalizacijom i ubrzanjem migracije, tvrde autori, psiholozi bi se također morali više angažirati u boljem razumijevanju "migrantske osobnosti". Oni predlažu model motivacijske strukture emigranata. Taj je model testiran na 1.050 studenata u tri srednjo/istočnoeuropske zemlje: Albaniji, Češkoj i Sloveniji. Kao što se pretpostavljalo, rezultati su pokazali da studenti koji se žele iseliti imaju veća postignuća i motivacijsku volju nego oni koji to ne žele. Ako se taj uzorak potvrdi i u drugim istraživanjima, to bi moglo imati znatan učinak na migracijsku politiku i istraživanje

Erhöhung der Ortsdosisleistung auf den Inseln Norddeutschlands durch Schwermineralanreicherungen

At the coast of the East- and North-Frisian Islands an enrichment of heavy sand grains with high heavy mineral concentrations results from water and wind effects. The development of heavy mineral placers is known since the beginning of the last century. In the heavy grains resulting from the boulder clay of the glacial period, the U 238- and Th 232-concentrations are partly rather high. Therefore, local dose rates due to gamma radiation result which are higher than those normally measured in northern Germany. They change from year to year because of sea and wind effects. The highest measured local dose rates in approx. 1 m height have been approx. 300 mrem/a on the islands of Norderney and Sylt. On the island of Norderney the local dose rate at the surface increased up to 500 mrem/a. If the heavy mineral placers were larger, local dose rates of up to approx. 1000 mrem/a could occur in 1 m height. The highest measured specific U 238-activity was approx. 18 pCi/g and the highest measured specific Th 232-activity was approx. 30 pCi/g. Using of magnetic separators fractions with essentially higher specific activities can be separated from the sand. The ratio of the specific activities of U 238 and Th 232 in the sand of the East- and North-Frisian Islands reflect the different basic material of the sand. At the south-west coast of India where the local dose rates are very high, the same enrichment effect exists. In the sand of South-India theU 238- and the Th 232-actitivity is, however, bound at monazite (Ce, La [PO4 ) contrary to the sand at the coast of northern Germany. At he coast of the East- and North-Frisian Islands no persons live on areas with enriched heavy minerals contrary to the south-west coast of India. The received dose of the tourists is small because the residence time on the areas with enriched heavy minerals is generally short and the local dose rate is not so much enhanced