Stri Shakti Groups – A Parallel Force

AbstractThe Present Study was conducted in the Haveri District of Karnataka State in an attempt to understand the application of self help groups schemes and their impact on the empowerment of women in the study area. Since the researchers are hailing from the rural areas in Haveri district and has better observation with the nature of working environment within the Stri Shakti Self Help Groups in Haveri District. The study which involves the organization performance and problems faced by the Stri Shakti Self Help Groups has been made. Objective of this paper is to explore many questions like are these SHG's is sustainable, are these SHG's benefiting the society, hindrances and accountability of SHG's, are these SHG's helping women to improve their literacy rate etc., Government of Karnataka implemented SSSHG'S in the year 2000-2001 for the furtherance of the social, economical and overall development of the rural women. As on today there are about 17, 82,822 rural women's have been organized through 1,20,000 SSSHG'S in 175 Taluks in Karnataka State. About 69,785 rural women have been organized in 4,447 SSSHG'S in all 7 taluks. The study aimed to examine the organization and the functional aspects of SSSHG'S in the study area. Data has been collected from a total of 500 selected members of the SSSHG'S and 100 SHG's which were organized under the Stri Shakti Scheme of Haveri district. Secondary data has been obtained through books, articles and unpublished thesis. Primary data are collected from the minutes and books of record maintained by the SSSHG'S departmental manuals and circulars etc. Both structural and behavioural approaches have been used for the study through questionnaires addressed to 100 SSSHG'S and 500 members of these groups. The study has revealed some significant findings. There has been drastic improvement in the economic position of each member after the joining SSSHG'S. Besides this their industrial skills, family status, social status, feeling of security has been enhanced

A prospective randomised double-blind study of comparison of efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to intrathecal isobaric ropivacaine 0.75% in lower limb surgeries

Background: Studies comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to ropivacaine 0.75% in spinal anesthesia are few. The objective was to study the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in comparison to clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in subarachnoid block.Methods: Patients were randomly allotted into 3 groups. Group R (n=30) patients received 3ml of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine +0.5ml of 0.9% normal saline to a total volume of 3.5ml. Group RD (n=30) patients received 3ml of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine +5μg of dexmedetomidine +0.9% normal saline to a total volume of 3.5ml. Group RC (n=30) patients received 3ml of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine +30μg of clonidine +0.9% normal saline to a total volume of 3.5ml. The patients and the investigator were blinded for the study.Results: Time to reach T10 level of sensory block in group R was 7.6±1.3 min, group RC was 7.8±1.4 min and in group RD it was 7.9±1.4 min which was statistically not significant with p value 0.66. Time to reach motor onset to Bromage scale 4 was 9.8±1.4 min in group R, 10±1.4 min in group RC, 10.5±1.5 min in group RD which was statistically not significant with p value 0.24. Time to reach maximum sensory block in group R was 10.7±1.4 min, 10.6±1.1 min in group RC, 11±1.7 min in group RD which was statistically insignificant with p value 0.51.Conclusions: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine had superior anaesthetic effects with respect to duration of sensory blockade, motor blockade and duration of analgesia compared to intrathecal clonidine

A NEW METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF PARACETAMOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSE PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: An accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated using a reversed-phase C18 column (250 mm X 4.6 mm i. d, 5 µm particle size) with isocratic elution.Methods: A mixture of Acetonitrile: 10 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (15:85 v/v), pH 2.5 was used as a mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detector wavelength at 210 nm. The retention time of paracetamol was found to be 5.7 minutes (min). The method was statistically validated for the linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.Results: The linearity of paracetamol was in the range of 25.00 to 60.00µg/ml. This method showed an excellent linear response with the correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.999 for the paracetamol. The recovery of the drug was ranged from 99.51 to 100.68%. An intra-day and inter-day precision study of the new method was less than the maximum allowable limit (% RSD<2.0).Conclusion: The proposed method was cost effective, which can be used for the estimation of paracetamol in bulk and in solid dosage forms.Â

A rare case report: unscarred uterus rupture in pregnancy with intra-abdominal missing foetal limb

Ruptured uterus is an obstetric and surgical emergency that can lead to maternal or fetal death. Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus during pregnancy is a rare occurrence. The incidence of ruptured uterus is 0.3 to 1.7% in women with scarred uterus, and 0.03 to 0.08% among women with unscarred uterus. We report a rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture at 30 weeks of gestation with missing fetal limb. Later on, after doing emergency laparotomy the missing limb was found in the abdominal cavity of the patient who had an unscarred uterus. Uterine rupture occurring in an unscarred uterus is sometimes an unpredictable event. Abdominal pain occurring on a pregnant woman should be seriously managed. Ultrasound scan and external electronic fetal monitoring should be carried out rapidly so as to diagnose the uterine rupture at the earliest

Tele-ophthalmology in retinopathy of prematurity screening – A study from a referral government hospital

Objective: The aim was to assess the role of tele-ophthalmology in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening and to identify the risk factorsfor ROP. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Level 2 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a Government Hospital in Davangere,Karnataka. Subjects: 381 babies born <32 completed weeks of gestation admitted in NICU during study period. Methods: Examinationof the eyes was done by a trained technician using a Ret Cam digital imaging, designed by The Karnataka Internet assisted Diagnosis ofROP, Narayana Nethralaya under the National Rural Health Mission scheme. It was later interpreted by a trained ophthalmologist using theconcept of teleopthalmology. Babies were followed up and screened once weekly up to 3 months of age. Results: The overall incidence ofROP in our study was 25.2%. 3.8% of babies had Stage 1 disease, 3.8% had Stage 2, 53.8% had Stage 3, and 38.4% had Stage 4 disease.34.2% of the babies who received oxygen therapy developed ROP. Anemia and respiratory distress syndrome have shown to significantlyincrease the risk of developing ROP. Two babies with ROP underwent light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation treatmentand one baby underwent supplementary treatment. Conclusion: The incidence of ROP among high risk babies is significant and teleophthalmology can play a significant role in timely screening of babies in the remotest parts of the country. Oxygen therapy, anemia andrespiratory distress syndrome were found to be significant independent factors predicting the development of ROP

A REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF NANOCRYSTALS AND NANOSUSPENSIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Nearly 40% of drugs coming to the market nowadays are having poor solvency related issues and 70% molecules in discovery pipeline are in effect fundamentally insoluble in water. Nanocrystals is an unmistakable instrument to tackle the issue identified with poor fluid solvency and helps in improving the bioavailability of various drugs as presented in the literature. The particle size reduction came about into temperamental nanocrystalline system and the phenomenon of ostawald ripening happens. These techniques are preparing to the improvement of nanosized objects, which can play out multiple technological tasks. There are a few couples of noteworthy benefits of nanocrystal formulations, for example, upgrade oral bioavailability, improved dose proportionality, reduced food effects, appropriateness for administration by all routes and probability of sterile filtration because of diminished particle size range. One of the most adequate preferences of nanocrystals is their wide scope of utilization, for example, ophthalmic delivery, oral delivery, transdermal delivery, pulmonary delivery, intravenous delivery and targeted delivery, especially for tumour and brain. The increment in commercial value of nanocrystals just as the measure of nanocrystal products in the market is picking up more of attention to be utilized as a strategy so as to get commercial advantages. In this paper a brief and accurate precis of nanosuspension is stated with specific spotlight on nanosuspension preparation methodologies, benefits and few major applications of nanosuspensions

Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam through Swastha Chatushka

The first and foremost prime aim of Ayurveda is to preservation of positive health in a healthy person.[1] The Sutrasthana lies as the Madhusancaya of the Samhita. This nectar of knowledge has been stored by Acharya Charaka in very beautiful way i.e., Chatushka methodology. The Swastha Chatushka implying Swasthya of Swastha includes the four chapters (1)Matrashiteeya, (2)Tasyashiteeya, (3)Navegandharaneeya, (4)Indriyopakramaneeya, those which deals with different levels of maintenance of health. The Swastha Chatushka stands in 2nd position among the 7 Chatushkas, but it solely elucidates about Swasthya Rakshanam of Swastha Purush among Sapta Chatushka. The concepts which are described in Swastha Chatushka like Matrayukta Ahara, Swasthavritta, Rutucharya Paripalan,, Sadvritta, can be considered as a actions (Karya) which help in maintenance of health in healthy person by balancing Tridoshas, Dhatus, Malas, and contexts of Adharaneeya Vega, Dharaneeya Vega, Hetu Chatushtaya can be considered as responsible causative factors (Karana) for either Swasthya Samrakshana or manifestation of diseases if not followed in the prescribed manner. Swastha Chatushka mainly explores such important principles which should be properly adopted to maintain all dimensions of health. Thus, Swastha Chatushka can be considered as a unique holistic principle of preservation of positive health and life

Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group

AN IN VITRO STUDY OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM AS NATURAL INHIBITOR OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) ON SHEEP (OVIS ARIES) TISSUES

Objective: The present study was aimed to find the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity using the methanolic extract ofCinnamomum zeylanicum (as a natural inhibitor) on sheep tissues as the enzyme source.Methods: Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) as a substrate, tissue ACE activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 228 nm. For an incubationperiod of 30 minutes at 37°C, the linearity of ACE activity of kidney, lung, and testis enzyme was established. A known medicinal plant C. zeylanicumwas used as natural inhibitor of ACE. In this enzyme assay, inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of C. zeylanicum on kidney, lung and testicular ACEwas determined. ACE activity was confirmed by captopril, a standard inhibitor of ACE.Results: In the presence of a methanolic extract of C. zeylanicum (10:1), ACE activity was determined and this has inhibited ACE activity verysignificantly. C. zeylanicum leaves extract has reduced sheep kidney, lung, and testis ACE activity by 70.06%, 12.63%, and 20.23%, respectively.Conclusion: Significant inhibition was observed in the kidney ACE than in lung and testis ACE activity. This can propose that there may be a possiblerole in controlling blood pressure or reduction in cardiovascular diseases. Some plants with the great medicinal property may be considered aspromising sources of natural inhibitors of ACE for medicine and commercial uses. This comprehensive study may show numerous beneficial effects asa potential therapeutic agent for lowering blood pressure.Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Kinetic assay, Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, Cinnamomumzeylanicum, Cardiovascular diseases