SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) Analysis for Pi-b and Pi-ta Genes on 28 Genotypes of Rice

Evaluation to blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) resistance was carried out by using two SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers of Pi-b and Pi-ta blast resistance genes, and spray-inoculation method with 10 races of P. grisea on 28 paddy genotypes, that consisted six wild genotypes of rice. The results revealed that among 28 paddy genotypes, fifteen genotypes carrying both genes including Oryza rufipogon; six genotypes carrying Pi-b genes including O. alta, two genotypes carrying Pi-ta gene, and five genotypes did not possess both gene including O. glumaepatula, O. officinalis, O. latifolia, and O. malapuzhaensis. Based on infection intensity, the evaluated genotypes were vary in responses to different ten races of P. grisea, indicated that the evaluated genotypes were vary in carrying Pi genes. Analysis in detail indicated that existence of Pi-ta gene associated with lower infection intensity caused by P. grisea race 063 C

Keragaan Genetik dan Pendugaan Heritabilitas pada Komponen Hasil dan Kandungan β-Karoten Progeni Kelapa Sawit

An experiment to study heritability, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) of some traits in oil palm progeny was conducted at Kebun Surya Adi, PT. Bina Sawit Makmur, Sampoerna Agro, Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, from July 2006 until September 2008. The research was arranged in alpha design with two replications, 50 progenies and 12 palms for each replication, respectively. The results showed that broad sense heritability estimates were high for mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit content ratios, and β-carotene content; medium for bunch number and oil to bunch ratio; and low for fresh bunch and fruit to bunch ratio. The general combining ability (GCA) of bunch number, mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were highly significant. Similarly, the specific combining ability (SCA) of mesocarp to fruit, oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to fruit ratios and β-carotene content were also highly significant

Yield Stability and Adaptability of Aromatic New Plant Type (NPT) Rice Lines

Aromatic new plant type (NPT) rice lines were selected to obtain high yielding and aromatic lines. The objectives of the research were to study the yield stability and adaptability of 35 NPTrice lines across different environment, with Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties. The lines planted at two locations, Bogor and Pusakanagara in two seasons (2009 dry and wet seasons, DS-WS). The experiment used randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The 21-day-old seedlings were planted with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm, with a plot size of 2 m x 5 m. Yield stability and adaptability were estimated by using coeffi cient regression (bi) and general mean of yield by Finlay-Wilkinson method. Combined analysis of variance showed that lines (G), environment (E), and the G x E interaction were signifi cantly different. Lines showed different stability and adaptability . Several lines yielded higher than Ciherang variety . Nine lines were classifi edasstable and widely adapted at the marginal environment, i.e IPB 116-F-3-1, IPB 117-F-4-1, IPB-117-F-14-2, IPB-117-F-15-2, IPB-117-F-17-5, IPB 140-F-1-1, 140-F-IPB, 2-1, IPB 140-F-3, and IPB 149-F-2. Lines IPB 113-F-2, IPB 140-F-4, IPB 140-F-6, IPB 140-F-7, and B11738-MR-Si-1-2-1-2 were not stable and adapted only in optimum environmental condition (bi > 1) while IPB 116-F-46-1, IPB-117-F 17-4, IPB-117-F 18-3 and B11955-MR-84-1-4 has the value of bi < 1 or adaptable to marginal environments

Tanggap Tiga Varietas Padi Sawah terhadap Kombinasi Pemupukan dengan Sistem Pembenaman Jerami

Degradation of soil fertility due to inaccurate application of fertilizer become one of the factors causing the stagnant rice productivity improvement in Indonesia. Straw incorporation, organic fertilizers and biofertilizers applications potentially reduces a rates of inorganic fertilizers and improves soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and yield of 3 lowland rice varieties (high yielding variety, new plant type, and local variety) in response to reduce NPK rates with straw incorporation, organic fertilizer, and biofertilizer in 7th planting season. The research was conducted at rice field in Karawang, West Java, from April-August 2013. The research was arranged in split plot randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plot was fertilizer application consisted of 10 treatments (combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers), while the sub plot was rice varieties (Ciherang, IPB 3S, and Mentik Wangi). The application of inorganic fertilizer, 400 kg NPK 30-6-8 ha-1, was control treatment. Plot size was 6.5 m x 10 m, with a double row spacing (25 cm x 15 cm x 50 cm). The result showed that growth of the three varieties was not significantly different so as the yield at 50% reduced NPK rate with incorporation of straw, organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. Adding of solid and liquid organic fertilizer, and biofertilizers on treatment of straw incorporation + 50% NPK rate was unnecessary due to insignificant yield increase

Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Padi: Pengaruh Persilangan dan Aplikasi Putresin

The efficient use of anther culture in crop improvement depends on the success of plant regeneration techniques and the recovery of sufficient number of either green haploid plants that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled yielding homozygous diploid pure lines in first generation. Putrescine, one of growth regulator polyamines, was known as essential factor in embryogenesis on various plant tissues. The objective of this research was to study the effect of crosses and putrescine application on certain stages of culture most efficient in increasing green plant regeneration. The experiment was arranged factorially. The first factor was reciprocal crosses of Taipei 309 to Asemandi and Asemandi to Taipei 309. The second factor was application of putrescine consisted of control (M0: N6 induction medium and MS regeneration medium); M1: N6 induction medium, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine; M2: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium; and M3: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine. The results indicated that the addition of 10-3 M putrescine into callus induction and plant regeneration media was the best in increasing number and percentage of responding anther, callus formation, responding calli, green plants and number of total plants. Rice anther culture efficiency, which was indicated by ratio of green plant to responding calli and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated, was also increased by the addition of 10-3 M putrescine. At that best treatment maternal effect showed in number of calli producing green plantlets, number of green plantlets, and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated. F1 from Taipei309/Asemandi was better than F1 from Asemandi/Taipei30

Peran Hara N, P dan K pada Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Ratun Lima Genotipe Padi

The objective of the research was to determine the roles of fertilizers application in improving rice ratoons. Statistical design used was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was three levels of fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) i.e. 5 N + 27 P2O5; 45 N + 30 K2O; and 27 P2O5+30 K2O. The second factor was rice genotypes, i.e. Cimelati, Hipa-5 and Rokan varieties, and two lines of rice i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1. The growth and production characters of main crops and ratoon were observed. The results showed that both genotypes and rates of fertilizer affected yield of ratoon. Following application of (kg ha-1) 45 N + 27 P2O5 three genotypes produced the highest ratoon, i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1 lines and Rokan variety. Cimelati and Hipa-5 varieties produced higher number of ratoon with fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) 45 N + 30 K2O. Ratoon production of all genotypes ranged 38.1-56.6% of the main crop. This study clearly demonstrated that N, P and K fertilizer had important roles in increasing yield and yield components of rice ratoon

Pengujian Ket Ahanan Koleksi Genotipe Kedelai terhadap Penyakit Bisul Bakteri

The objective of the research was to evaluate the resistance of soybean genotype in the germplasm collection to pustule disease. Seventy five genotypes were evaluated using spray inoculation method. Inoculation was done on the third week after planting. The 75 genotypes evaluated consists of 29 local varieties, 8 national varieties, 23 introduction, and 15 experimental lines. Results of the experiment showed that among the 75 genotypes tested, one local variety, Si Pinang was found resistant to the pustule disease (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines). The resistant local variety was collected from Langkat, North Sumatra