Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Business Instructors: the Case of Business Schools in Addis Ababa City and Jimma Town

Assessing the extent of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of business instructors has great benefits in getting instructors well motivated for work. This study is therefore an attempt to examine factors affecting the degree of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of business instructors. More, specifically, it is designed to 1) examine in detail instructors' extent of job satisfaction online with F.Herzberg two factors theory. 2) asses factors' upon which instructors are highly impinged, and 3) asses instructors' extent of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in comparing governmental Universities and private colleges so that concerned bodies may get an insight to react on. Participants of the study included all voluntary business instructors from both Addis Ababa and Jimma Universities and randomly selected private colleges.The items in the self-governing questionnaire were rated using a five-point likert scale from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. The researcher gathered data and analysis was carried out using descriptive and other inferential statistical techniques. The result was expected to suggest that instructors are better satisfied with Herzberg's intrinsic dimension and dissatisfied with extrinsic dimension of job satisfaction. Yet the result portrays that one dimension is not better than the other.Jimma Universit

The Acute Effects of Pre-Event Lower Limb Massage on Some Selected Physical Fitness Components of Junior Male Soccer Trainees of Ethiopian Youth Sport Academy

Objectives: To examine the acute effects of pre-event warm-up modalities on some selected physical fitness components of junior male soccer trainees of the Ethiopian youth sport academy. Design: Experimental study design was employed.Methods: Thirty three (33) junior soccer trainees were included as a subject using purposive and availability sampling technique. Quantitative method of data analysis both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was used. The descriptive statistics was presented as a form of central tendency which is mean and variability (standard deviation). The inferential statistics was parametric test which are dependent t-test (Paired sample t-tests) to show the significant difference of explosive power, speed, agility and flexibility performance following the three conditions. Result: The result can show that the mean value of the trainees explosive power test after traditional, pre-event massage and combined warm-up protocols were 2.27m, 2.23m and 2.23m respectively. The mean value of the trainees speed test after traditional, pre-event massage and combined warm-up protocols were 4.15s, 4.40s and 4.13s respectively. The mean value of the trainees agility test after traditional, pre-event massage and combined warm-up protocols were 15.83s, 16.35s and 15.74s respectively. The mean value of the trainees sit and reach test after traditional, pre-event massage and combined warm-up protocols were 12.85cm, 14.58cm and 15.18 respectively.Conclusion: significant difference were observed between pre-test (Traditional Warm up) and the other warm up modalities (pre-event lower limb massage and the combination of pre-event lower limb massage with traditional warm-up) on standing broad jump test, 30m speed test, Illinois agility test and sit & reach test at P<0.05. However, insignificant results have been found between pre-test (Traditional warm up) and the combination of pre-event lower limb massage with traditional warm-up on 30m speed test. Therefore, coaches and athletes to use the combined warm up protocol which pre-event lower limb massage first then traditional warm-up Keywords: Pre-Event, Massage, warm-up, performance, traditional warm u

A Generalized Solution of Bianchi Type-V Models with Time-dependent GG and Λ\Lambda

We study the homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model with time-dependent gravitational and cosmological "constants". Exact solutions of the Einstein field equations (EFEs) are presented in terms of adjustable parameters of quantum field theory in a spatially curved and expanding background. It has been found that the general solution of the average scale factor R as a function of time involved the hypergeometric function. Two cosmological models are obtained from the general solution of the hypergeometric function and the Emden-Fowler equation. The analysis of the models shows that for a particular choice of parameters in our first model, the cosmological "constant" decreases whereas the Newtonian gravitational "constant" increases with time, and for another choice of parameters, the opposite behaviour is observed. The models become isotropic at late times for all parameter choices of the first model. In the second model of the general solution, both the cosmological and gravitational "constants" decrease while the model becomes more anisotropic over time. The exact dynamical and kinematical quantities have been calculated analytically for each model.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures. Published versio

Constrained evolution of effective equation of state parameter in non-linear f(R,Lm)f(R, L_m) dark energy model: Insights from Bayesian analysis of cosmic chronometers and Pantheon samples

We conduct a Bayesian analysis of recent observational datasets, specifically the Cosmic Chronometers (CC) dataset and Pantheon samples, to investigate the evolution of the EoS parameter in dark energy models. Our study focused on the effective EoS parameter, which is described by the parametric form $\omega_{eff}=-\frac{1}{1+m(1+z)^n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are model parameters. This parametric form is applicable within the framework of $f(R,L_m)$ gravity, where $R$ represents the Ricci scalar and $L_m$ is the matter Lagrangian. Here, we examine a non-linear $f(R,L_m)$ model characterized by the functional form $f(R,L_m)=\frac{R}{2}+L_m^\alpha$, where $\alpha$ is the free parameter of the model. We examine the evolution of several cosmological parameters, including the effective EoS parameter $\omega_{eff}$, the deceleration parameter $q$, the density parameter $\rho$, the pressure $p$, and the statefinder parameters. Our analysis revealed that the constrained current value of the effective EoS parameter, $\omega_{eff}^{0}=-0.68\pm0.06$ for both the CC and Pantheon datasets, points towards a quintessence phase. Moreover, at redshift $z=0$, the deceleration parameter, $q_0 = -0.61^{+0.01}_{-0.01}$, indicates that the present Universe is undergoing accelerated expansion.Comment: The European Physical Journal Plus published versio

Protein quality of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia as affected by popping and fermentation

The effect of popping and fermentation on protein quality of three different varieties of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia was evaluated. Total lysine content of the grains was higher than that of commonly available cereals but close to that of legumes. Methionine and cysteine contents in the grains were also higher than that found in cereal and legume proteins. Percentage of total indispensable amino acids, excluding tryptophan, was 43% - 49%, which was higher than WHO reference pattern (31%). Popping resulted in 36% and 37% reduction in total lysine and cysteine contents, respectively, whereas fermentation reduced cysteine, lysine and methionine contents by 16%, 20% and 20%, respectively. From the free amino acids, histidine was the major indispensable amino acid but threonine was not detected. During popping, all free amino acids, except threonine, were reduced. On the other hand, fermentation significantly increased (p < 0.01) most amino acids except arginine, which was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and tyrosine and glutamic acid, for which no change was observed. Popping decreased in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) by 8.3% - 17.1% while fermentation increased IVPD by 4.8% - 7.5%. Substitution of amaranth for wheat and/or maize during complementary food formulation could contribute much to the daily requirements of indispensable amino acids of young children

Maternal dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy during pregnancy and related factors in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2016.

BackgroundMonotonous and less diversified diets are associated with micronutrient deficiency. Evidence on maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy is essential to achieve the 2025 global nutrition target and reduce maternal and child mortalities. This study assessed pregnant women's dietary diversity and identified factors associated with inadequate dietary diversity in East Gojjam Zone.MethodsWe conducted a community-based cross-sectional study between April and June 2016. Eight hundred thirty-four pregnant women were randomly sampled. The Women Dietary Diversity Score tool developed by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) was used. Data were entered into EpiData with double entry verification, and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20. Level of significance was set to P ResultsThe mean (±SD) dietary diversity score was 3.68 (±2.10). Inadequate dietary diversity was prevalent in 55% [95% CI (52.3-59.3%)] of pregnant women, or indirectly micronutrient was inadequate in more than half of the pregnant women. Commonly consumed dietary groups were legumes, nuts, and seeds (85.5%) followed by starchy staples (64.7%). Inadequate dietary diversity was higher among non-educated [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.30, 95% CI (2.35-22.68)] compared to college and above completed women. Wealth index had significant association with dietary diversity, in which women in the poorest [AOR = 8.83, 95% CI, (1.60-48.61)], poorer [AOR = 6.34, 95% CI (1.16-34.65)], poor [AOR = 8.46, 95% CI (1.56-45.70)], and richer [AOR = 6.57, 95% CI (2.16-20.01)] had higher odds of inadequate dietary diversity. Those who had not received dietary counseling had three folds [AOR = 3.31, 95% CI (1.49-7.35)] of inadequate dietary diversity compared to their counterparts. Less likelihood of inadequate dietary diversity was among women with an increased meal frequency [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.38-0.74)].ConclusionConsumption of less diversified food during pregnancy is common in the study area. Adequacy of micronutrients is insufficient for more than half of the studied pregnant women. We conclude that being non-educated affects pregnant women to depend on less diversified diet. Providing dietary counseling during pregnancy can improve nutritional practice for pregnant women

Direct WIMP identification: Physics performance of a segmented noble-liquid target immersed in a Gd-doped water veto

We evaluate background rejection capabilities and physics performance of a detector composed of two diverse elements: a sensitive target (filled with one or two species of liquefied noble gasses) and an active veto (made of Gd-doped ultra-pure water). A GEANT4 simulation shows that for a direct WIMP search, this device can reduce the neutron background to O(1) event per year per tonne of material. Our calculation shows that an exposure of one tonne $\times$ year will suffice to exclude spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections ranging from $10^{-9}$ pb to $10^{-10}$ pb.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. Version accepted for publication in JCA

Study of scintillation in natural and synthetic quartz and methacrylate

Samples from different materials typically used as optical windows or light guides in scintillation detectors were studied in a very low background environment, at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory, searching for scintillation. A positive result can be confirmed for natural quartz: two distinct scintillation components have been identified, not being excited by an external gamma source. Although similar effect has not been observed neither for synthetic quartz nor for methacrylate, a fast light emission excited by intense gamma flux is evidenced for all the samples in our measurements. These results could affect the use of these materials in low energy applications of scintillation detectors requiring low radioactive background conditions, as they entail a source of background.Comment: Accepted for publication in Optical Material

Opportunities for increasing livestock water productivity in the Nile River Basin

Livestock keeping in the Nile Basin contributes greatly to human security, income, culture and agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). Inappropriate livestock management uses excessive water and causes water and land degradation. Livestock-water interactions are complex, not well understood, and often ignored in agricultural water development. This results in lost opportunities to achieve sustainable and higher investment returns. Typically, livestock management also ignores important livestock-water issues. This lack of integration creates knowledge gaps resulting in inefficient and inequitable use of water resources. This paper summarizes selected research findings on livestock-water productivity (LWP) in the Ethiopian Blue Nile Highlands, Uganda‟s Cattle Corridor, and the Central Belt of Sudan. It suggests selected intervention options to increase LWP, improve livelihoods and reduce land and water degradation. Overall, LWP compares favorably with crop-water productivity. Yet, huge opportunities remain to further increase LWP potentially enabling more agricultural production and support for ecosystem services without depleting additional water. Four strategies to increase LWP are selection of animal feeds derived from plant materials with high crop water productivity, improved water conservation through better management of watering sites, vegetation and soil on grazing, crop and riparian lands, adoption of technologies to improve animal health, genetics, nutrition and husbandry, and strategic allocation of watering sites to adjust grazing pressure to sustainably match the spatial distributions of pasture and drinking water availability. Implications and opportunities for benefit sharing, IWRM, and poverty reduction in the Nile Basin are discussed in the context of the Ethiopian, Sudanese and Ugandan case studies