Jarzynski Equality for an Energy-Controlled System

The Jarzynski equality (JE) is known as an exact identity for nonequillibrium systems. The JE was originally formulated for isolated and isothermal systems, while Adib reported an JE extended to an isoenergetic process. In this paper, we extend the JE to an energy-controlled system. We make it possible to control the instantaneous value of the energy arbitrarily in a nonequilibrium process. Under our extension, the new JE is more practical and useful to calculate the number of states and the entropy than the isoenergetic one. We also show application of our JE to a kind of optimization problems.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Path integral analysis of Jarzynski's equality: Analytical results

We apply path integrals to study nonequilibrium work theorems in the context of Brownian dynamics, deriving in particular the equations of motion governing the most typical and most dominant trajectories. For the analytically soluble cases of a moving harmonic potential and a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent natural frequency, we find such trajectories, evaluate the work-weighted propagators, and validate Jarzynski's equality.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Umbrella: A Unified Software Defined Development Framework

The Northbound (NB) APIs that SDN controllers provide differ in terms of architecture, syntax, naming convention, data resources, and usage. Using NB APIs to write SDN applications makes each application dependent on the API of a specific controller. To bring NB APIs from different vendors under one umbrella and make programming of SDN applications independent of specific controllers, we propose a unified software defined development framework that we call Umbrella. This paper presents the key components of the software and reports some preliminary results.Comment: work-in-progress paper, under submissio

Zero-Shot Generalizable End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System using Context Summarization and Domain Schema

Task-oriented dialog systems empower users to accomplish their goals by facilitating intuitive and expressive natural language interactions. State-of-the-art approaches in task-oriented dialog systems formulate the problem as a conditional sequence generation task and fine-tune pre-trained causal language models in the supervised setting. This requires labeled training data for each new domain or task, and acquiring such data is prohibitively laborious and expensive, thus making it a bottleneck for scaling systems to a wide range of domains. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel Zero-Shot generalizable end-to-end Task-oriented Dialog system, ZS-ToD, that leverages domain schemas to allow for robust generalization to unseen domains and exploits effective summarization of the dialog history. We employ GPT-2 as a backbone model and introduce a two-step training process where the goal of the first step is to learn the general structure of the dialog data and the second step optimizes the response generation as well as intermediate outputs, such as dialog state and system actions. As opposed to state-of-the-art systems that are trained to fulfill certain intents in the given domains and memorize task-specific conversational patterns, ZS-ToD learns generic task-completion skills by comprehending domain semantics via domain schemas and generalizing to unseen domains seamlessly. We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation on SGD and SGD-X datasets that span up to 20 unique domains and ZS-ToD outperforms state-of-the-art systems on key metrics, with an improvement of +17% on joint goal accuracy and +5 on inform. Additionally, we present a detailed ablation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed components and training mechanis

Entropy and density of states from isoenergetic nonequilibrium processes

Two identities in statistical mechanics involving entropy differences (or ratios of density of states) at constant energy are derived. The first provides a nontrivial extension of the Jarzynski equality to the microcanonical ensemble [C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)], which can be seen as a ``fast-switching'' version of the adiabatic switching method for computing entropies [M. Watanabe, W. P. Reinhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3301 (1990)]. The second is a thermodynamic integration formula analogous to a well-known expression for free energies, and follows after taking the quasistatic limit of the first. Both identities can be conveniently used in conjunction with a scaling relation (herein derived) that allows one to extrapolate measurements taken at a single energy to a wide range of energy values. Practical aspects of these identities in the context of numerical simulations are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment of Employees of Prehospital Emergency Medical System

Background: Several studies are available on organizational commitment of employees in different organizations. However, the organizational commitment and job involvement of the employees in the prehospital emergency medical system (PEMS) of Iran have largely been ignored. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the organizational commitment and job involvement of the employees of PEMS and the relationship between these two issues. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 employees of Kashan PEMS who were selected through a census method in 2014. A 3-part instrument was used in this study, including a demographic questionnaire, the Allen and Miller’s organizational commitment inventory, and the Lodahl and Kejner’s job involvement inventory. We used descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc tests to analyze the data. Results: The mean job involvement and organizational commitment scores were 61.78 ± 10.69 and 73.89 ± 13.58, respectively. The mean scores of job involvement and organizational commitment were significantly different in subjects with different work experiences (P = 0.043 and P = 0.012, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed between the mean scores of organizational commitment and job involvement in subjects with different fields of study, different levels of interest in the profession, and various educational levels. A direct significant correlation was found between the total scores of organizational commitment and job involvement of workers in Kashan PEMS (r = 0.910, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the employees in the Kashan PEMS obtained half of the score of organizational commitment and about two-thirds of the job involvement score. Therefore, the higher level managers of the emergency medical system are advised to implement some strategies to increase the employees’ job involvement and organizational commitment

Perancangan Novel Grafis Untuk Remaja Dengan Tema Perjalanan Waktu

Remaja seringkali mempunyai keinginan untuk menikmati hidup tanpa memikirkandampak panjang atau tujuan hidup yang jelas. Jika mereka melakukan atau mengalami hal yang tidak menyenangkan, mereka dapat menyesal atau menyalahkan sesuatu diluar dirinya. Bentuk penyesalannya dapat digambarkan melalui perjalanan waktu, dimana mereka pergi ke masa lalu untuk memperbaiki kehidupannya. Media novel grafis dapat mengantar pembaca remajauntuk memahami bacaan yang lebih dewasa dengan ilustrasi yang menarik

Perancangan Media Promosi Semanggi Instan “Selendang Semanggi” Sebagai Oleh – Oleh Khas Kota Surabaya

Selendang Semanggi merupakan pecel semanggi instan, makanan khas Kota Surabaya yang terdiri dari daun semanggi, bumbu semanggi, dan kerupuk puli. Selendang Semanggi ini dapat dijadikan salah satu pilihan oleh – oleh khas Kota Surabaya yang unik karena dapat dikonsumsi di mana saja dan kapan saja. Namun, keberadaan Selendang Semanggi ini kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat, karena belum adanya media promosi yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan perancangan media promosi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan keberadaan Selendang Semanggi sebagai oleh – oleh khas Kota Surabaya dan meningkatkan angka penjualan Selendang Semanggi

Preparation and characterization of a composite material based on a geopolymer binder and quartzite aggregates

We have developed a geopolymer material by alkaline reaction on thermally activated kaolin. Initially we characterized the geopolymer by different methods (rheology, DTA-TGA, etc.) and we mixed it with different amounts of natural sand to obtain a granular composite. The structural characterization of this material was undertaken by several techniques (XRF, XRD and microscopic observations). A rheological study was implemented to determine the influence of the aggregate rate on the setting kinetic. Three-point bending and compression tests were conducted for mechanical characterization. We also conducted microindentation tests to study the influence of quartzite rate on the hardness of the material. The results indicate that the integration of quartzite (up to 15 wt. %) did not alter the setting kinetic. We noted a small degradation of the mechanical behavior when the quartzite rate is increased; this effect is due to a higher density of microcracks. However, adding the aggregate has a beneficial effect on the hardness of the material. These attractive features make this material a plausible matrix whose reinforcement with plant fibers will provide a ternary composite suitable for multiple applications