Norskregistrert utenlandsk foretak (NUF) som alternativ til AS

En analyse av sentrale rettslige og faktiske problemstillinger knyttet til NUF som alternativ til norsk aksjeselskap i kjølvannet av endringer i aksjeloven mv. Valg av foretaksform med henblikk på regler om selskapets stiftelse og registrering, kapitalkrav, revisjonsplikt, utbytte og skatt, samt adgang til skattefri omdanning fra NUF til AS

A class of N nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws

AbstractThe Riemann problem for a class of nonlinear systems of first order hyperbolic conservation laws is studied. The class consists of systems where the derivative of the flux function is a lower triangular matrix. There are no assumptions on genuine nonlinearity and strict hyperbolicity. Existence and uniqueness are proved except in a set with measure zero in the phase space and a set with measure zero in the flux function space where there is a one-parameter family of solutions. Travelling waves are used as an entropy condition and examples show that the Lax or Liu entropy conditions are not sufficient. An example shows that the solution does not necessarily depend continuously on the data. The model may be used to describe three-phase and tracer flow and flow in a neighborhood of a heterogeneity in porous media

Hypercontractive semigroups and two dimensional self-coupled Bose fields

AbstractWe present an abstract perturbation theory for operators of the form H0 + V obeying four properties: (1) H0 is a positive self-adjoint operator on L2(M, μ) with μ a probability measure so that e−tH0 is a contraction on L1 for each t > 0; (2) e−TH0 is a bounded map of L2 to L4 for some T; (3) V ϵ Lp(M, μ) for some p > 2; (4) e−tV ϵ L1 for all t > 0. We then show that spatially cutoff Bose fields in two-dimensional space-time fit into this framework. Finally, we discuss some details of two-dimensional Bose fields in the abstract including coupling constant analyticity in the spatially cutoff case

Strengthening incident response efforts in operational technology environments

This master thesis examines the main challenges tied to incident response within opera- tional technology environments, as well as the practices organizations involved in essential operations are implementing to secure a successful approach to incident response in such environments. This is based on our research questions: RQ1: What are the main challenges of Incident Response (IR) within Operational Technology (OT) environments? And RQ2: What practices can organizations engaged in essential operations implement for a successful approach towards IR in OT environments? Based on our findings, we intend to present some practices we think are important to ensure a successful approach to IR in OT environments. Methodologically, this study has an exploratory qualitative approach. This selection is based on the need to examine incident management in OT environments in their natural context. By gathering data through interviews and previous research and applying an inductive an- alytical approach, this study gives insight into subjective perceptions and opinions among actors in the OT environment. Through our work, we have focused on the emerging meaning and an evolutionary design where we look for understanding the central principles that are within the field. Our findings from the study show that organizations are facing multiple challenges considering their IR within OT environments, including the handling of legacy systems, the need for continuous operation, the implementation of security updates, and the dependency on third-party vendor support and maintenance. Competence and culture within the organization also play a pivotal role in securing effective IR. Respondents high- light the importance of having robust detection mechanisms and conducting regular exercises and training to improve preparedness. The implications show that although our findings support existing theory considering the importance of having a solid plan for IR, do they also contribute to new insights that were explicitly not noticed in our systematic literature review. Our study highlights the necessity of dynamic and flexible frameworks for responsibility during incidents, as well as the need for integrated cooperation between IT and OT departments. Other practical implications include recommendations considering the implementation of immutable backups for data integrity, the use of sandboxing, and the development of clear procedures and roles dur- ing the IR. The study also underscores the importance of defense-in-depth strategies and diversifying the use of third-party vendors to reduce their vulnerability. To ensure that organizations can have a successful approach to IR within OT environments, they should implement clear procedures for role delegations and decisions, develop risk assessments, se- cure continuous revision of security procedures, and promote a culture of security awareness and skill development

Strengthening incident response efforts in operational technology environments

This master thesis examines the main challenges tied to incident response within opera- tional technology environments, as well as the practices organizations involved in essential operations are implementing to secure a successful approach to incident response in such environments. This is based on our research questions: RQ1: What are the main challenges of Incident Response (IR) within Operational Technology (OT) environments? And RQ2: What practices can organizations engaged in essential operations implement for a successful approach towards IR in OT environments? Based on our findings, we intend to present some practices we think are important to ensure a successful approach to IR in OT environments. Methodologically, this study has an exploratory qualitative approach. This selection is based on the need to examine incident management in OT environments in their natural context. By gathering data through interviews and previous research and applying an inductive an- alytical approach, this study gives insight into subjective perceptions and opinions among actors in the OT environment. Through our work, we have focused on the emerging meaning and an evolutionary design where we look for understanding the central principles that are within the field. Our findings from the study show that organizations are facing multiple challenges considering their IR within OT environments, including the handling of legacy systems, the need for continuous operation, the implementation of security updates, and the dependency on third-party vendor support and maintenance. Competence and culture within the organization also play a pivotal role in securing effective IR. Respondents high- light the importance of having robust detection mechanisms and conducting regular exercises and training to improve preparedness. The implications show that although our findings support existing theory considering the importance of having a solid plan for IR, do they also contribute to new insights that were explicitly not noticed in our systematic literature review. Our study highlights the necessity of dynamic and flexible frameworks for responsibility during incidents, as well as the need for integrated cooperation between IT and OT departments. Other practical implications include recommendations considering the implementation of immutable backups for data integrity, the use of sandboxing, and the development of clear procedures and roles dur- ing the IR. The study also underscores the importance of defense-in-depth strategies and diversifying the use of third-party vendors to reduce their vulnerability. To ensure that organizations can have a successful approach to IR within OT environments, they should implement clear procedures for role delegations and decisions, develop risk assessments, se- cure continuous revision of security procedures, and promote a culture of security awareness and skill development

Irreducibility and reducibility for the energy representation of the group of mappings of a Riemannian manifold into a compact semisimple Lie group

AbstractThe irreducibility of the energy representation of the group of smooth mappings from a Riemannian manifold of dimension d ⩾ 3 into a compact semisimple Lie group is proven. The nonequivalence of the representations associated with different Riemann structures is also proven for d ⩾ 3. The case d = 2 is examined and irreducibility and nonequivalence results are also given. The reducibility in the case d = 1 is pointed out (in this case the commutant contains a representation equivalent with the energy representation)