Detection of New Heavy Charged Gauge Bosons in the Muon plus Neutrino Channel

This note presents a feasibility study of the search for a new heavy charged gauge boson with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider LHC. The model assumes the existence of a heavy carbon copy of the Standard Model W (Reference Model by Altarelli) generically denoted as Wprime. Such a boson has been investigated in the decay channel Wprime --> \mu \nu using the full detector simulation including minimum bias events (pile-up) according to the expected first years of luminosity. All relevant Standard Model backgrounds have been considered. Such a new boson is expected to be discovered, if existant, with a mass of 0.1-4.6 TeV for an integrated luminosity of 10 fb^-1. The range can be expanded to 6.1 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 300 fb^-1. If no signs for a Wprime boson appear 95% CL exclusion limits of 4.7 TeV and 6.2 TeV can be set respectively

Simulation of Cosmic Muons and Comparison with Data from the Cosmic Challenge using Drift Tube Chambers

The reconstruction of cosmic muons is important for the commissioning phase and alignment of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment (CMS), in particular during the early phases of operation with physics collisions. In this context the Magnet Test/Cosmic Challenge (MTCC) with its comprehensive cosmic data taking periods including the presence of the magnetic field has been like a dress rehearsal of detector hardware and software for the upcoming startup of the CMS detector. In addition to data taking also the comparison with simulated events is a crucial part of physics analyses. This study introduces a new cosmic muon generator, CMSCGEN, and it presents its validation by comparing with data from MTCC. As an example results from a reconstruction study using the barrel Muon System are shown, comparing data and Monte Carlo prediction at the level of single chambers up to reconstructed tracks including momentum measurements

Investigation of Cu poor and Cu rich Cu In,Ga Se2 CdS interfaces using hard X ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cu poor and Cu rich Cu In,Ga Se2 CIGSe absorbers were used as substrates for the chemical bath deposition of ultrathin CdS buffer layers in the thickness range of a few nanometers in order to make the CIGSe CdS interface accessible by hard X ray photo emission spectroscopy. The composition of both, the absorber and the buffer layer as well as the energetics of the interface was investigated at room temperature and after heating the samples to elevated temperatures 200 C, 300 C and 400 C . It was found that the amount of Cd after the heating treatment depends on the near surface composition of the CIGSe absorber. No Cd was detected on the Cu poor surface after the 400 C treatment due to its diffusion into the CIGSe layer. In contrast, Cd was still present on the Cu rich surface after the same treatment at 400

A novel approach in the treatment of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors: Additive antiproliferative effects of interferon-γ and meta-iodobenzylguanidine

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options to effectively inhibit growth and spread of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors are still limited. As both meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) cause antineoplastic effects in neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumor cells, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of the combination of IFNγ and non-radiolabeled MIBG in neuroendocrine gut STC-1 and pancreatic carcinoid BON tumor cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: IFNγ receptors were expressed in both models. IFNγ dose- and time-dependently inhibited the growth of both STC-1 and of BON tumor cells with IC(50)-values of 95 ± 15 U/ml and 135 ± 10 U/ml, respectively. Above 10 U/ml IFNγ induced apoptosis-specific caspase-3 activity in a time-dependent manner in either cell line and caused a dose-dependent arrest in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, IFNγ induced cytotoxic effects in NE tumor cells. The NE tumor-targeted drug MIBG is selectively taken up via norepinephrine transporters, thereby specifically inhibiting growth in NE tumor cells. Intriguingly, IFNγ treatment induced an upregulation of norepinephrine transporter expression in neuroendocrine tumors cells, as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Co-application of sub-IC(50 )concentrations of IFNγ and MIBG led to additive growth inhibitory effects, which were mainly due to increased cytotoxicity and S-phase arrest of the cell cycle. CONCLUSION: Our data show that IFNγ exerts antiproliferative effects on neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and cytotoxicity. The combination of IFNγ with the NE tumor-targeted agent MIBG leads to effective growth control at reduced doses of either drug. Thus, the administration of IFNγ alone and more so, in combination with MIBG, is a promising novel approach in the treatment of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors

Corrigendum to "Seasonal and interannual variations of HCN amounts in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by MIPAS" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 563-582, 2015

No abstract available

The Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Stratospheric Aerosol Formation Evaluated by Using in situ Measurements in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere

Stratospheric aerosols (SAs) are a variable component of the Earth\u27s albedo that may be intentionally enhanced in the future to offset greenhouse gases (geoengineering). The role of tropospheric-sourced sulfur dioxide (SO2) in maintaining background SAs has been debated for decades without in situ measurements of SO2 at the tropical tropopause to inform this issue. Here we clarify the role of SO2 in maintaining SAs by using new in situ SO2 measurements to evaluate climate models and satellite retrievals. We then use the observed tropical tropopause SO2 mixing ratios to estimate the global flux of SO2 across the tropical tropopause. These analyses show that the tropopause background SO2 is about 5 times smaller than reported by the average satellite observations that have been used recently to test atmospheric models. This shifts the view of SO2 as a dominant source of SAs to a near-negligible one, possibly revealing a significant gap in the SA budget. ©2017. American Geophysical Union