Les programmes de développements de talents des gestionnaires oeuvrant au sein des multinationales : composantes et déterminants

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The structure of casein in heated suspensions affects the acid gelification of milk

The structure of casein in heated suspensions affects the acid gelification of milk. FIL-IDF "Fermented milk

Parallel recovery of consciousness and sleep in acute traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the progressive recuperation of consciousness was associated with the reconsolidation of sleep and wake states in hospitalized patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: This study comprised 30 hospitalized patients (age 29.1 ± 13.5 years) in the acute phase of moderate or severe TBI. Testing started 21.0 ± 13.7 days postinjury. Consciousness level and cognitive functioning were assessed daily with the Rancho Los Amigos scale of cognitive functioning (RLA). Sleep and wake cycle characteristics were estimated with continuous wrist actigraphy. Mixed model analyses were performed on 233 days with the RLA (fixed effect) and sleep-wake variables (random effects). Linear contrast analyses were performed in order to verify if consolidation of the sleep and wake states improved linearly with increasing RLA score. RESULTS: Associations were found between scores on the consciousness/cognitive functioning scale and measures of sleep-wake cycle consolidation (p < 0.001), nighttime sleep duration (p = 0.018), and nighttime fragmentation index (p < 0.001). These associations showed strong linear relationships (p < 0.01 for all), revealing that consciousness and cognition improved in parallel with sleep-wake quality. Consolidated 24-hour sleep-wake cycle occurred when patients were able to give context-appropriate, goal-directed responses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that when the brain has not sufficiently recovered a certain level of consciousness, it is also unable to generate a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle and consolidated nighttime sleep. This study contributes to elucidating the pathophysiology of severe sleep-wake cycle alterations in the acute phase of moderate to severe TBI

A multi-target antisense approach against PDE4 and PDE7 reduces smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent development in the field of COPD has focused on strategies aimed at reducing the underlying inflammation through selective inhibition of the phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) isoform. Although the anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity of selective PDE4 inhibitors has been well documented, their low therapeutic ratio and dose-dependent systemic side effects have limited their clinical utility. This study examined the effect of 2'-deoxy-2'-Fluoro-β-D-Arabinonucleic Acid (FANA)-containing antisense oligonucleotides (AON) targeting the mRNA for the PDE4B/4D and 7A subtypes on lung inflammatory markers, both <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were transfected with FANA AON against PDE4B/4D and 7A alone or in combination. mRNA levels for target PDE subtypes, as well as secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines were then measured following cell stimulation. Mice were treated with combined PDE4B/4D and 7A AON via endo-tracheal delivery, or with roflumilast via oral delivery, and exposed to cigarette smoke for one week. Target mRNA inhibition, as well as influx of inflammatory cells and mediators were measured in lung lavages. A two-week smoke exposure protocol was also used to test the longer term potency of PDE4B/4D and 7A AONs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In NHBE cells, PDE4B/4D and 7A AONs dose-dependently and specifically inhibited expression of their respective target mRNA. When used in combination, PDE4B/4D and 7A AONs significantly abrogated the cytokine-induced secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 to near baseline levels. In mice treated with combined PDE4B/4D and 7A AONs and exposed to cigarette smoke, significant protection against the smoke-induced recruitment of neutrophils and production of KC and pro-MMP-9 was obtained, which was correlated with inhibition of target mRNA in cells from lung lavages. In this model, PDE AONs exerted more potent and broader anti-inflammatory effects against smoke-induced lung inflammation than roflumilast. Moreover, the protective effect of PDE4B/4D and 7A AON was maintained when a once-weekly treatment schedule was used.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that inhaled AON against PDE4B/4D and 7A have unique effects on biomarkers that are believed to be important in the pathophysiology of COPD, which supports further development as a potential therapy in this disease.</p

Stability, instability and significance of attapulgite in the calcretes of mediterranean and tropical areas with marked dry season

By means of X-ray diffraction, optical and transmission microscopy and microprobe analyses, it is here demonstrated that genesis of attapulgite precedes or accompanies the beginning of calcrete formation. When the maximum development of calcitiza-tion is reached, attapulgite is progressively destroyed by calcareous epigenesis like the other silicates. At the top of profiles the remaining attapulgite is weathered to smectites or hydrolyzed.Grâce à la diffraction des rayons X, à l'utilisation du microscope optique, du microscope électronique à transmission et de la microsonde, on peut démontrer que la genèse de l'attapulgite précède ou accompagne le début de l'encroûtement calcaire. Quand la calcit isation atteint son maximum, l' attapulgite est progressivement détruite par épigénie calcaire, comme tous les autres silicates. Au sommet des profils, l'attapulgite restante est altérée en smectites ou hydrolysée.Paquet Hélène. Stability, instability and significance of attapulgite in the calcretes of mediterranean and tropical areas with marked dry season. In: Pétrologie des altérations et des sols. Vol. II : Pétrologie des séquences naturelles. Colloque international du CNRS, Paris 4-7 juillet 1983. Strasbourg : Institut de Géologie – Université Louis-Pasteur, 1983. pp. 131-140. (Sciences Géologiques. Mémoire, 72

Les poussières sahariennes. Cycle sédimentaire et place dans les environnements et paléoenvironnements désertiques.par Geneviève Coude-Gaussen,"Sciences en Marche", Paris, 1991

Paquet Hélène. Les poussières sahariennes. Cycle sédimentaire et place dans les environnements et paléoenvironnements désertiques.par Geneviève Coude-Gaussen,"Sciences en Marche", Paris, 1991. In: Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin, tome 44, n°3-4, 1991. Les massifs anciens de France - II, sous la direction de Alain Piqué. p. 388