Dwelling infestation rates after three months of trap operation.

<p>Top-bottom: infestation estimate from a simple logistic regression model taking detection failures into account; infestation index after combined observations from chemically-baited and unbaited sticky traps; infestation index after observations only from chemically-baited sticky traps; infestation index after observations only from unbaited sticky traps; and infestation index after observations only from manual searches by trained staff. Solid circles are point estimates/proportions, and short vertical lines are the 95% confidence interval limits; in the case of observed proportions, these limits were estimated using the Agresti-Coull method <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001822#pntd.0001822-Brown1" target="_blank">[22]</a>. Note that the <i>x</i>-axis is in log₁₀ scale.</p

Proportion of traps that captured <i>Triatoma infestans</i> and <i>T. sordida</i> after three months (<i>N</i> = 556 traps) and six months (<i>N</i> = 548 traps) of trap operation.

<p>Solid circles are proportions; 95% confidence intervals (between short horizontal lines) were calculated using the Agresti-Coull method <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001822#pntd.0001822-Brown1" target="_blank">[22]</a>. The sharp decline of <i>T. infestans</i> is mirrored by a similar rise of <i>T. sordida</i> captures. Note that the <i>y</i>-axis is in log₁₀ scale.</p

Chemically-baited sticky trap used for Chagas disease vector surveillance.

<p>(A), outer aspect; (B), triatomines caught in the entomological glue inside a trap; the bag containing the semiochemical bait is also visible.</p

Triatomine detection using chemically-baited and unbaited sticky traps after six months of trap operation.

⊕<p>, trap positive;</p>⊘<p> trap negative; in each 2×2 sub-table, cells contain the number of dwellings in which both trap types.</p>(•)<p>, only baited traps.</p>(#)<p>, only unbaited traps.</p>(§)<p>, or neither baited nor unbaited traps.</p>(¶)<p>captured triatomines.</p>*<p>Four dwellings could not be re-assessed at this time-point. Manual searches were negative in all dwellings.</p

<i>Triatoma infestans</i> and <i>T. sordida</i> re-infestation assessment using chemically-baited and unbaited sticky traps in the Gran Chaco, Paraguay.

*<p>Six dead triatomines could not be identified to species level and were not included in this Table.</p>⊕<p>, trap positive;</p>⊘<p>, trap negative; in each 2×2 sub-table, cells contain the number of dwellings in which both trap types.</p>(•)<p>, only baited traps.</p>(#)<p>, only unbaited traps.</p>(§)<p>, or neither baited nor unbaited traps.</p>(¶)<p>captured triatomines.</p><p>The column named ‘McNemar’ gives, for each species and assessment, the McNemar odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for correlated proportions; to facilitate comparison with slope (<i>β</i>) estimates from logistic models, here we provide ln(odds ratio) values (95% confidence interval): <i>T. infestans</i> three-month 2.1 (0.9–3.3), six-month 1.6 (0.1–3.1); <i>T. sordida</i> three-month −1.3 (−2.8–0.3), six-month 0.4 (−0.5–1.3).</p

Triatomine detection using chemically-baited and unbaited sticky traps after three months of trap operation.

⊕<p>, trap positive;</p>⊘<p>, trap negative; in each 2×2 sub-table, cells contain the number of dwellings in which both trap types.</p>(•)<p>, only baited traps.</p>(#)<p>, only unbaited traps.</p>(§)<p>, or neither baited nor unbaited traps.</p>(¶)<p>captured triatomines.</p>*<p>Captures include 13 positive traps set in peridomestic structures in Argentina: six were baited with Octanal, five with Benzaldehyde, and two were unbaited. Manual searches were positive in four Paraguayan and three Argentinean dwellings at the three-month assessment; in two of them, traps were negative.</p

Post-control surveillance of domestic infestation by <i>Triatoma infestans</i> and <i>T. sordida</i> with chemically-baited traps: bait effects estimated with hierarchical logistic models.

<p>Model structure: ψ, vector occurrence probabilities; <i>p</i>, vector detection probabilities, conditioned on occurrence (in parentheses, covariate names, with “.” denoting no covariate in that part of the model). AIC, Akaike information criterion; N, number of sampling units; <i>k</i>, number of parameters; <i>β</i>, estimated slope parameter; SE, standard error.</p>*<p>Paraguay data only.</p