11 research outputs found
Agreeing on global research priorities for medication safety: an international prioritisation exercise.
OBJECTIVES: Medication errors continue to contribute substantially to global morbidity and mortality. In the context of the recent launch of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Third Global Patient Safety Challenge: Medication Without Harm, we sought to establish agreement on research priorities for medication safety. METHODS: We undertook a consensus prioritisation exercise using an approach developed by the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative. Based on a combination of productivity and citations, we identified leading researchers in patient and medication safety and invited them to participate. We also extended the invitation to a further pool of experts from the WHO Global Patient Safety Network. All experts independently generated research ideas, which they then independently scored based on the criteria of: answerability, effectiveness, innovativeness, implementation, burden reduction and equity. An overall Research Priority Score and Average Expert Agreement were calculated for each research question. FINDINGS: 131 experts submitted 333 research ideas, and 42 experts then scored the proposed research questions. The top prioritised research areas were: (1) deploying and scaling technology to enhance medication safety; (2) developing guidelines and standard operating procedures for high-risk patients, medications and contexts; (3) score-based approaches to predicting high-risk patients and situations; (4) interventions to increase patient medication literacy; (5) focused training courses for health professionals; and (6) universally applicable pictograms to avoid medication-related harm. Whilst there was a focus on promoting patient education and involvement across resource settings, priorities identified in high-resource settings centred on the optimisation of existing systems through technology. In low- and middle-resource settings, priorities focused on identifying systemic issues contributing to high-risk situations. CONCLUSIONS: WHO now plans to work with global, regional and national research funding agencies to catalyse the investment needed to enable teams to pursue these research priorities in medication safety across high-, middle- and low-resource country settings
Serum Sex HormoneâBinding Globulin and Cortisol Concentrations are Associated With Overreaching During Strenuous Military Training
Pearson correlation coefficient between physical activity, energy availability and water balance and questionnaire data during the 8-day training course.
***<p>P<0.001,</p>**<p>P<0.01,</p>*<p>P<0.05.</p
Questionnaire responses during the 8-day training course among the control and Ebar groups.
<p>Difference compared to: control ## P<0.01, # P<0.05; -6 PRE â§â§â§ P<0.001, ⧠P<0.05; PRE ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05; MID $ P<0.001, P<0.01, $ P<0.05; POST €€€ P<0.001, €€ P<0.01, € P<0.05.</p
Changes (%) in physical performance in the control and Ebar groups during the study.
<p>Differences in change compared to the controls ## P<0.01. Differences in absolute change within the group compared to: -6 PRE â§â§â§ P<0.001, ⧠P<0.05; PRE ***P<0.001, **P<0.01; MID $ P<0.05.</p
Energy intake, macronutrient composition of the consumed food and water balance during the 8-day training course among the control and Ebar groups.
<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p>a<p>Estimated from food recods.</p>b<p>Energy availability â=â energy intake/basal metabolic rate estimated by the equation of Schofield et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047771#pone.0047771-Schofield1" target="_blank">[32]</a>.</p>c<p>Estimated from fluid intake records.</p>d<p>Total water intake â=â fluid intake + water content of food + metabolic water.</p
Physical characteristics of the control and Ebar groups before the training course.
<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p>aa<p>Estimated from 12-minute running test: VO<sub>2</sub>max (ml·kg<sup>â1</sup>·min<sup>â1</sup>) â=â running distance (m) - 504.9/44.7 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047771#pone.0047771-Cooper1" target="_blank">[57]</a>.</p
Changes in body composition during the 8-day training course in the control and Ebar groups.
<p>*** P<0.001, significant change during the training course.</p