Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients; current knowledge

When renal function diminishes, secondary hyperparathyroidism with develop in response to worsening of kidney function and declined phosphate excretion (1). Dysregulation of phosphorous and calcium homeostasis leads to decreased kidney phosphate excretion, raised serum phosphorous, reduced synthesis of calcitriol, and elevated levels of the phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23)(2-4). These alterations result in parathyroid hyperplasia and enhanced synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone

Close association of arterial plaques with left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: In renal failure patients, cardiovascular complications are a major clinical problem. Objectives: This study aimed to test, the possible association of left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction with plaques of carotid and femoral artery hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients, who were on regular hemodialysis were selected. For all patients echocardiography and B-mode Ultrsonographic assessment of carotid-femoral arteries for plaque occurrence were conducted. Results: In this study there was a positive correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy with the duration of hemodialysis treatment (p<0.05). Significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy and plaque score and also a significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy with presence of chest pain was found (p<0.05). Association of diabetes mellitus with the presence of chest pain was positive. Positive correlation between hypertension with plaque score was demonstrated too (p<0.05). Also an inverse association of plaque score with left ventricular ejection fraction was detected too (p<0.05). Furthermore, the correlation of plaque score with the presence of diabetes mellitus was positive. Conclusion: The present investigations, documents parallel cardiac and vascular adaptation in hemodialysis patients and shows the potential contribution of structural and functional large artery alteration to the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy which needs more attention in patients on hemodialysis

Medicinal Plants and New Concerns in Statin Consumption

Alzheimer disease (AD) and by 2050 it is expected to reach more than 13 million. Numerous studies have shown that high cholesterol level is a risk factor for AD (1). Preclinical and human neuropa-thological studies have clearly shown the correla-tion between high cholesterol level and Alzheimer disease incidence. Regarding to epidemiological studies, a high total cholesterol level in serum of AD patients has been reported. In a study lower mental state examination scores were reported in patients with high levels of total cholesterol or LDL-C. About three fold total cholesterol level (odds ratio, 2.8) was reported in AD patients (2). Patients with AD having high cholesterol or LDL-C level can experience faster cognitive declin

Impact of inflammation on anemia of hemodialysis patients who were under treatment of recombinant human erythropoietin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) as the marker of inflammation with serum ferritin level and its role in the severity of anemia of hemodialysis (HD) patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of stable hemodialysis patients. There were 36 patients overall, 25 of which were non-diabetic and 11 were diabetic mean patients' age was 53 (±15.8) years. In this study, there was a significant inverse correlation between serum ferritin and hematocrit level (r=-0.34, p=0.044) (adjusted for age). Also a significant positive correlation between serum CRP and serum iron (r=0.44, p=0.008) (adjusted for age too) was observed. Moreover, in male HD patients, a significant positive correlation between serum CRP and serum ferritin (r=0.56, p=0.009) was found. Malnutrition and inflammation in hemodialysis may increase serum ferritin concentration apart from iron status, and needs more attention during iron therapy for the treatment of anemia in HD patients

Significant difference of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in male hemodialysis patients with or without diabetes; a single center study.

It is well found that the assessment of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D offers better information about vitamin D status in patients. This cross-sectional study was aimed to better understand the probable difference of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in a group of hemodialysis (HD) patients with or without diabetes. 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (normal range of values is 25 to 125 nmol/L) was measured following an overnight fasting. The study was conducted on 36 subjects (15 female, 21 male), consisting of 25 (female=11, male=14) non-diabetic HD patients and 11 (female=4, male=7) diabetic HD patients. A significant difference of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level between diabetic and non-diabetic male HD patients with more values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in none-diabetic HD patients was found (r=0.014). Least studied was conducted on the influence of diabetes on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in HD patients, lower vitamin D level in diabetes patients may aggravates their condition. Thus, further investigations need to define this aspect of hemodialysis patients

On the occasion of world kidney day 2016; Work together to better protect the kidney

Context: World kidney day is a yearly global alertness and education ceremony, held on the second Thursday in March. Evidence Acquisition: Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science have been searched. Results: Once again we reached to March 14, the world kidney day of 2016. This is the 10th anniversary of world kidney day, a program of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF). World kidney day first began in 2006 and the worldwide campaign highlights a specific theme each year. The theme for 2015 was to invite everybody to drink a glass of water and give one, too, to celebrate their kidneys. This is a symbolic action to memorize that kidneys are vital organs and that they might be cared. Conclusions: It is a manner to make individuals more conscious about their lifestyle choices. In this year, world kidney day will be celebrated on Thursday March 10, 2016. The theme for 2016 will highlight on renal disease and children. © 2016 The Author(s)