Synthesis of Urea Derivatives in Two Sequential Continuous-Flow Reactors

A continuous-flow system consisting of two sequential microreactors was developed for the synthesis of nonsymmetrically substituted ureas starting from <i>tert</i>-butoxycarbonyl protected amines. Short reaction times could be achieved under mild conditions. In-line FT-IR analytical technique was used to monitor the reaction, including the formation of the isocyanate intermediate, thus allowing optimization of the reagent ratios. The mechanistic role of the applied base was also clarified. The setup was successfully utilized for the synthesis of several urea derivatives including the active pharmaceutical ingredient cariprazine