4 research outputs found
Inhibition of methane and natural gas hydrate formation by altering the structure of water with amino acids
Natural gas hydrates are solid hydrogen-bonded water crystals containing small molecular gases. The amount of natural gas stored as hydrates in permafrost and ocean sediments is twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, hydrate blockages also hinder oil/gas pipeline transportation, and, despite their huge potential as energy sources, our insufficient understanding of hydrates has limited their extraction. Here, we report how the presence of amino acids in water induces changes in its structure and thus interrupts the formation of methane and natural gas hydrates. The perturbation of the structure of water by amino acids and the resulting selective inhibition of hydrate cage formation were observed directly. A strong correlation was found between the inhibition efficiencies of amino acids and their physicochemical properties, which demonstrates the importance of their direct interactions with water and the resulting dissolution environment. The inhibition of methane and natural gas hydrate formation by amino acids has the potential to be highly beneficial in practical applications such as hydrate exploitation, oil/gas transportation, and flow assurance. Further, the interactions between amino acids and water are essential to the equilibria and dynamics of many physical, chemical, biological, and environmental processes.11Ysciescopu
Hydrophobic amino acids as a new class of kinetic inhibitors for gas hydrate formation
As the foundation of energy industry moves towards gas, flow assurance technology preventing pipelines from hydrate blockages becomes increasingly significant. However, the principle of hydrate inhibition is still poorly understood. Here, we examined natural hydrophobic amino acids as novel kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), and investigated hydrate inhibition phenomena by using them as a model system. Amino acids with lower hydrophobicity were found to be better KHIs to delay nucleation and retard growth, working by disrupting the water hydrogen bond network, while those with higher hydrophobicity strengthened the local water structure. It was found that perturbation of the water structure around KHIs plays a critical role in hydrate inhibition. This suggestion of a new class of KHIs will aid development of KHIs with enhanced biodegradability, and the present findings will accelerate the improved control of hydrate formation for natural gas exploitation and the utilization of hydrates as next-generation gas capture media.open114655sciescopu
Phase Behavior and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis for CH<sub>4</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> Hydrates Formed from NaCl Brine and Monoethylene Glycol Mixtures
We
present pure CH<sub>4</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> mixed hydrate phase equilibria formed from a mixture
of NaCl (10 wt %) and monoethylene glycol (MEG, 10 and 30 wt %) solutions.
As expected for thermodynamic inhibitors, the mixture of salt and
glycol causes the hydrate phase equilibrium boundary to shift to lower
temperatures and higher pressures, and on increasing the MEG concentration,
the hydrate stable region shifted more. The measured experimental
data are also compared with a thermodynamic model recently developed,
named the Hu–Lee–Sum correlation, showing that the data
match well with the predictions. The experimental data were used to
calculate the enthalpy of hydrate dissociation. The enthalpies of
CH<sub>4</sub> hydrates in the mixture of 10 wt % NaCl brine and 10
or 30 wt % MEG were found to be ∼58.7 and 54.63 kJ/mol, respectively,
corresponding to structure I hydrates, whereas for the CH<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> (91.98:8.02 mol %) mixed gas system,
the enthalpies of dissociation were found to be ∼101.10 kJ/mol
(10 wt % NaCl + 10 wt % MEG) and 95.34 kJ/mol (10 wt % NaCl + 30 wt
% MEG), confirming the mixed hydrates formed structure II. We also
performed Raman analysis for CH<sub>4</sub> hydrates and CH<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> mixed hydrates in the NaCl and MEG system
and investigated their spectroscopic behavior and hydrate structure