Systematic evidence on migrating and extractable food contact chemicals: Most chemicals detected in food contact materials are not listed for use

Food packaging is important for today’s globalized food system, but food contact materials (FCMs) can also be a source of hazardous chemicals migrating into foodstuffs. Assessing the impacts of FCMs on human health requires a comprehensive identification of the chemicals they contain, the food contact chemicals (FCCs). We systematically compiled the “database on migrating and extractable food contact chemicals” (FCCmigex) using information from 1210 studies. We found that to date 2881 FCCs have been detected, in a total of six FCM groups (Plastics, Paper & Board, Metal, Multi-materials, Glass & Ceramic, and Other FCMs). 65% of these detected FCCs were previously not known to be used in FCMs. Conversely, of the more than 12’000 FCCs known to be used, only 1013 are included in the FCCmigex database. Plastic is the most studied FCM with 1975 FCCs detected. Our findings expand the universe of known FCCs to 14,153 chemicals. This knowledge contributes to developing non-hazardous FCMs that lead to safer food and support a circular economy

Integration of high‐risk human papillomavirus into cellular cancer‐related genes in head and neck cancer cell lines

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancer is generally associated with excellent response to therapy, but some HPV‐positive tumors progress despite aggressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate viral oncogene expression and viral integration sites in HPV16‐ and HPV18‐positive squamous cell carcinoma lines.MethodsE6/E7 alternate transcripts were assessed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences (DIPS‐PCR) and sequencing identified viral insertion sites and affected host genes. Cellular gene expression was assessed across viral integration sites.ResultsAll HPV‐positive cell lines expressed alternate HPVE6/E7 splicing indicative of active viral oncogenesis. HPV integration occurred within cancer‐related genes TP63, DCC, JAK1, TERT, ATR, ETV6, PGR, PTPRN2, and TMEM237 in 8 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines but UM‐SCC‐105 and UM‐GCC‐1 had only intergenic integration.ConclusionHPV integration into cancer‐related genes occurred in 7 of 9 HPV‐positive cell lines and of these 6 were from tumors that progressed. HPV integration into cancer‐related genes may be a secondary carcinogenic driver in HPV‐driven tumors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 840–852, 2017Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136719/1/hed24729_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136719/2/hed24729.pd