<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Inhibited Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme through Molecular Interaction between Cordycepin and ACE C-Domain

One of the most important therapeutic modalities for the management of hypertension is the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Cordyceps militaris has received substantial attention because to its therapeutic potential and biological value. To gather information about the antihypertensive properties of C. militaris, the ACE inhibitory activity was evaluated. An ethanolic extract of the fruiting body of C. militaris was obtained, and the extract was separated by UHPLC method with a fluorescence detector for the quantification of cordycepin and adenosine. The ethanolic extract had a considerably higher cordycepin level. Additionally, an in vitro kinetic analysis was carried out to find out how much C. militaris extract inhibited ACE. This extract exhibited non-competitive inhibition on ACE. The Ki value of the C. militaris extract against ACE was found to be 8.7 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the analysis of a protein cavity together with molecular docking carried out to comprehend the intermolecular interactions between cordycepin and the ACE C-domain, which impact the spatial conformation of the enzyme and reduce its capacity to break down the substrate. According to a molecular docking, hydrogen bonding interactions between the chemicals and the ACE S2’ subsite are primarily responsible for cordycepin inhibition at the ACE C domain. All these findings suggest that C. militaris extract are a kind of natural ACE inhibitor, and cordycepin has the potential as an ACE inhibitor

Nuevos causantes de la pudrición en panel de pica en hule: caso Fusarium spp.

La pudrición mohosa en el panel de pica de hule disminuye el rendimiento y la regeneración de su corteza. El objetivo fue identificar el agente causal de la enfermedad en San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Oaxaca y evaluar su sensibilidad in vitro a fungicidas. Para ello se colectó tejido del panel de pica enfermo y realizaron aislamientos. Se caracterizaron los aislados en los medios nutritivos PDA (papa-dextrosa-agar), CLA (hojas de clavel-agar), FLA (fermentación líquida-agar), CDA (café-dextrosa-agar) y ZA (zanahoria-agar). Se evaluaron tasas de crecimiento y realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad en laboratorio y campo, así como de sensibilidad in vitro a Mancozeb 70%, Benomilo, Carbendazin, Propiconazol, Clorotalonil, y Carboxamida, en 10 tratamientos y ocho repeticiones. Los resultados evidenciaron cuatro aislados del género Fusarium, que mostraron polimorfismo de acuerdo con el medio de cultivo, con crecimiento radial y anillos marcados. Se observaron microconidios y macroconidios dispersos en el micelio y en esporodoquios de color blanco, naranja y azul a 36 días. La tasa de crecimiento varió con el medio nutritivo y la cepa inoculada. Se identificaron a F. circinatum, F. lateririum, F. decemcellulare y F. mangiferae. En las pruebas de patogenicidad en laboratorio todas las cepas inoculadas fueron positivas y en campo solo F. circinatum y F. mangiferae. El bioensayo de sensibilidad mostró respuesta dependiente de fungicida y aislamiento. Con estos se concluye que las especies F. circinatum, F. mangiferae, F. lateririum y F. decemcellulare pueden causar pudrición mohosa en el panel de pica del clon IAN 710. Este es un primer reporte que involucra estas especies. Su control depende de la especie de Fusarium y el fungicida utilizadoMoldy rot on the rubber sting panel decreases the yield and regeneration of its bark. The objective was to identify the causative agent of the disease in San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Oaxaca and evaluate its in vitro sensitivity to fungicides. To this end, tissue from the diseased sting panel was collected and made insulations. The isolates were characterized in the nutritive media PDA (papa-dextrose-agar), CLA (carnation leaves-agar), FLA (liquid fermentation-agar), CDA (coffee-dextrose-agar) and ZA (carrot-agar). Growth rates were evaluated and pathogenicity tests were carried out in the laboratory and in the field, as well as in vitro sensitivity to Mancozeb 70%, Benomilo, Carbendazin, Propiconazole, Chlorothalonil, and Carboxamide, in 10 treatments and eight repetitions. The results showed four isolates of the genus Fusarium, which showed polymorphism according to the culture medium, with radial growth and marked rings. Microconidia and macroconidia dispersed in the mycelium and white, orange and blue sporodochs were observed at 36 days. The growth rate varied with the nutrient medium and the inoculated strain. F. circinatum, F. lateririum, F. decemcellulare and F. mangiferae were identified. In the laboratory pathogenicity tests all inoculated strains were positive and in the field only F. circinatum and F. mangiferae. The sensitivity bioassay showed fungicide-dependent response and isolation. These results allow us to conclude that the species F. circinatum, F. mangiferae, F. lateririum and F. decemcellulare can cause moldy rot in the sting panel of clone IAN 710. This is a first report that involves these species. Its control depends on the species of Fusarium and the fungicide use