3 research outputs found

    Finanzas Empresariales: Valuacion de Obligaciones y Acciones

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    Antes del año de 1994 el mercado de valores de bonos y acciones era una inversión que prometía al inversionista un rendimiento aceptable a todos los que se propusieron invertir en obligaciones financieras (bonos y acciones), por lo tanto ciertos inversionistas que hubieran comprado un bono o acción un año antes pudieron haber incurrido en pérdidas en su capital. A través de esta información se plantea, ¿Por qué generaba perdidas invertir en obligaciones financieras antes de 1994? La razón fundamental por la que el valor de esta inversión y así como de otros instrumentos de endeudamiento disminuyó en forma significativa fue porque la reserva federal internacional decidió incrementar la tasa de interés 6 veces más durante 1994 de tal manera que, en un solo año el rendimiento exigido por los inversionistas aumento en más del 2%. Como consecuencia de este incremento en las tasas de interés el valor de los instrumentos financieros disminuyó en forma notable. Por ejemplo: un bono que tenía un valor de 10,000al3deenerode1994,al3deenerode1995suvaloreradeaproximadamentede10,000 al 3 de enero de 1994, al 3 de enero de 1995 su valor era de aproximadamente de 8,910, por lo tanto, si usted hubiera comprado este bono un año antes por lo menos, en papel, habrían incurrido en una pérdida de $1,090 durante 1994. A medida que usted lea este documento, piense en la razón por la cual el valor de los bonos de la tesorería disminuyó en forma significativa desde enero de 1994 a enero de 1995, cuando las tasas de interés aumentaron más del 2%. ¿Qué le sucede al valor de los activos financieros cuando cambian los rendimientos exigidos por los inversionistas? La respuesta a esta pregunta le ayudara a obtener una comprensión básica de la manera como los bonos y acciones se valúan en los mercados financieros. Además que todas la información necesaria para tener una mejor comprensión acerca de los bonos y acciones y su mercado de desarrollo las encontrará a lo largo de esta investigación documental

    Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

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    BACKGROUND The extent to which health care systems have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide necessary cardiac diagnostic services is unknown.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiac testing practices, volumes and types of diagnostic services, and perceived psychological stress to health care providers worldwide.METHODS The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations from baseline in cardiovascular diagnostic care at the pandemic's onset and 1 year later. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with procedure volume recovery.RESULTS Surveys were submitted from 669 centers in 107 countries. Worldwide reduction in cardiac procedure volumes of 64% from March 2019 to April 2020 recovered by April 2021 in high- and upper middle-income countries (recovery rates of 108% and 99%) but remained depressed in lower middle- and low-income countries (46% and 30% recovery). Although stress testing was used 12% less frequently in 2021 than in 2019, coronary computed tomographic angiography was used 14% more, a trend also seen for other advanced cardiac imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance; 22%-25% increases). Pandemic-related psychological stress was estimated to have affected nearly 40% of staff, impacting patient care at 78% of sites. In multivariable regression, only lower-income status and physicians' psychological stress were significant in predicting recovery of cardiac testing.CONCLUSIONS Cardiac diagnostic testing has yet to recover to prepandemic levels in lower-income countries. Worldwide, the decrease in standard stress testing is offset by greater use of advanced cardiac imaging modalities. Pandemic-related psychological stress among providers is widespread and associated with poor recovery of cardiac testing. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

    Centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV

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    The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor 2 from peripheral (70-80%) to central (0-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor 2 from peripheral (70-80%) to central (0-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions
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