Investigations on the reactivity of metal complexes with Schiff-base ligands towards parasite infections

Ligantes oxindolimínicos foram sintetizados através de procedimentos já desenvolvidos em nosso laboratório, a partir do 2,3-dioxindol (isatina) e aminas ou diaminas selecionadas, e em seguida metalados. Foram investigados dois complexos de cobre(II) com os ligantes isaepy, preparado a partir de 2-(2-aminoetilpiridina) e isapn, a partir de 1,2-diaminoetano, e os correspondentes complexos de zinco(II). Após caracterização por diversas técnicas, sua reatividade com relação a biomoléculas (HSA e DNA) foi verificada, através de medidas de fluorescência e dicroísmo circular. Posteriormente, sua reatividade antiparasitária frente a T. cruzi foi testada. Todos eles apresentaram atividade tóxica frente às formas tripomastigota e amastigota do parasita, com índices de seletividade bastante promissores, quando comparados à droga atualmente em uso (benzonidazol) e outras alternativas descritas na literatura. Anteriormente estes complexos já haviam demonstrado atividade pró-apoptótica frente a diversas células tumorais, baseado em sua capacidade de gerar espécies reativas (EROs) e de inibir proteínas específicas, como a topoisomerase humana IB. Os resultados aqui obtidos deram origem a um pedido de patente (BR10 2013 026558-6, depositado junto ao INPI em 15/outubro/2013) visando o possível desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para a doença de Chagas.Oxindolimine ligands were synthesized by procedures previously developed in our laboratory, from 2,3-dioxoindole(isatin) and amines or selected diamines, by condensation reactions, followed by metallation. Two copper(II) complexes with isaepy and isapn ligands, prepared from 2-(2-aminoethylpiridine) and 1,2-diaminoethane respectively, and their corresponding complexes of zinc(II) were investigated. After characterization by various techniques, their reactivity with respect to biomolecules (HSA and DNA) was verified, through measurements of fluorescence and circular dichroism. Subsequently, their antiparasitary reactivity against T. cruzi was tested. All complexes tested presents toxic activity against trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite, with promising selectivity index, compared to drugs currently in use (benznidazole) and other alternative compounds described in literature. Previously, these complexes had shown pro-apoptotic activity against several tumor cells, based on their ability to generate reactive species and inhibit specific proteins, such as topoisomerases. The results obtained here gave rise to a patent application (BR10 2013 026558-6, deposited on INPI in October 15th, 2013), looking for a possible development of new drugs for Chagas disease

Antiparasitic Activity of Oxindolimine–Metal Complexes against Chagas Disease

Some copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with oxindolimine ligands were tested regarding their trypanocidal properties. These complexes have already shown good biological activity in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, having DNA and mitochondria as main targets, through an oxidative mechanism, and inducing apoptosis. Herein, we demonstrate that they also have significant activity against the infective trypomastigote forms and the intracellular amastigote forms of T. cruzi, modulated by the metal ion as well as by the oxindolimine ligand. Selective indexes (LC50/IC50) determined for both zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes, are higher after 24 or 48 h incubation with trypomastigotes, in comparison to traditional drugs used in clinics, such as benznidazole, and other metal-based compounds previously reported in the literature. Additionally, tests against amastigotes indicated infection index <10% (% of infected macrophages/average number of amastigotes per macrophage), after 24 or 48 h in the presence of zinc(II) (60–80 µM) or analogous copper(II) complexes (10–25 µM). The copper complexes exhibit further oxidative properties, being able to damage DNA, proteins and carbohydrates, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, with the generation of hydroxyl radicals. This redox reactivity could explain its better performance towards the parasites in relation to the zinc analogs. However, both copper and zinc complexes display good selective indexes, indicating that the influence of the ligand is also crucial, and is probably related to the inhibition of some crucial proteins