545 research outputs found
Closed geodesics on orbifolds
In this paper, we try to generalize to the case of compact Riemannian
orbifolds some classical results about the existence of closed geodesics of
positive length on compact Riemannian manifolds . We shall also consider the
problem of the existence of infinitely many geometrically distinct closed
geodesics.
In the classical case the solution of those problems involve the
consideration of the homotopy groups of and the homology properties of the
free loop space on (Morse theory). Those notions have their analogue in the
case of orbifolds (see [7]). The main part of this paper will be to recall
those notions and to show how the classical techniques can be adapted to the
case of orbifolds.Comment: Improved version which takes into account the comments of the refree.
In particular, we extend to compact simply connected Riemannian orbifolds the
result of Gromoll-Meye
Residual stress development and evolution in two-phase crystalline material: a discrete dislocation study
Crystalline materials undergo heterogeneous deformation upon the application of external load, which results in the development of incompatible elastic strains in the material as soon as the load is removed. The presence of heterogeneous distribution of elastic strains in the absence of any form of external load results in the building up of stresses referred to as residual stresses. The heterogeneity of strain is attributed either to the presence of multiple phases or to the orientation gradients across the sample volume. This paper is an endeavour to model the presence of second phase in a two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics framework, which already contains constitutive rules to include three-dimensional mechanisms, such as line tension and dynamic junction formation. The model is used to investigate residual stress development in single crystals subjected to plane strain loading and then subsequently unloaded to study residual stresses. The dislocation accumulation around the second phase and its effect on the mechanical properties is studied. The orientation dependence of residual stresses as a function of the underlying defect substructure has also been explored. A variety of results are obtained. In particular, the development of stresses as a function of underlying defect substructure is also presented and found to depend upon the orientation of the crystal
Local cloning of Bell states and distillable entanglement
The necessary and sufficient amount of entanglement required for cloning of
orthogonal Bell states by local operation and classical communication is
derived, and using this result, we provide here some additional examples of
reversible, as well as irreversible states.Comment: 5 pages, two columns, Latex. Few typos have been corrected. An
explanation of the teleportation map (eqn. (3) in the manuscript) has been
provide
Symmetry and stability of orientationally ordered collective motions of self-propelled, semiflexible filaments
Ordered, collective motions commonly arise spontaneously in systems of many
interacting, active units, ranging from cellular tissues and bacterial colonies
to self-propelled colloids and animal flocks. Active phases are especially rich
when the active units are sufficiently anisotropic to produce liquid
crystalline order and thus active nematic phenomena, with important biophysical
examples provided by cytoskeletal filaments including microtubules and actin.
Gliding assay experiments have provided a testbed to study the collective
motions of these cytoskeletal filaments and unlocked diverse collective active
phases, including states with long-range orientational order. However, it is
not well-understood how such long-range order emerges from the interplay of
passive and active aligning mechanisms. We use Brownian dynamics simulations to
study the collective motions of semiflexible filaments that self-propel in
quasi-two dimensions, in order to gain insights into the aligning mechanisms at
work in these gliding assay systems. We find that, without aligning torques in
the microscopic model, long-range orientational order can only be achieved when
the filaments are able to overlap. The symmetry (nematic or polar) of the
long-range order that first emerges is shown to depend on the energy cost of
filament overlap and on filament flexibility. However, our model also predicts
that a long-range-ordered active nematic state is merely transient, whereas
long-range polar order is the only active dynamical steady state in systems
with finite filament rigidity.Comment: Main text: 9 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary Material: 5 pages, 5
figures. For associated video files, see
https://livejohnshopkins-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/g/personal/mathani1_jh_edu/EmZKBH1qRzJFmK1mXTr32BUBfu2xJk1yesRJ3NyUo1ueRQ?e=LPRud
On a notion of maps between orbifolds, I. function spaces
This is the first of a series of papers which are devoted to a comprehensive
theory of maps between orbifolds. In this paper, we define the maps in the more
general context of orbispaces, and establish several basic results concerning
the topological structure of the space of such maps. In particular, we show
that the space of such maps of C^r-class between smooth orbifolds has a natural
Banach orbifold structure if the domain of the map is compact, generalizing the
corresponding result in the manifold case. Motivations and applications of the
theory come from string theory and the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves in
symplectic orbifolds.Comment: Final version, 46 pages. Accepted for publication in Communications
in Contemporary Mathematics. A preliminary version of this work is under a
different title "A homotopy theory of orbispaces", arXiv: math. AT/010202
Study of the causes of non-acceptance of VBAC in patients with previous one LSCS in a tertiary institution
Background: Many women who are eligible candidates for a VBAC (Vaginal Birth after Caesarean) in the current pregnancy opt for a repeat LSCS (Lower Segment Caesarean Section) as a mode of delivery. We decided to evaluate the proportion of patients who opt out of a VBAC and to study the causality of this trend.Methods: All patients who presented to the Dept. of OBG in our institution and were eligible to have a VBAC were included in the study till the sample size of 100 cases was met. Consultant opinion was sought prior to deciding the mode of delivery.Results: Incidence of patients of previous one LSCS who were not willing for VBAC was 4%, out of total number of deliveries and 30.7%, out of all cases of patients with previous one LSCS. The reason for not opting for a VBAC in the current pregnancy in the majority of the eligible patients was the desire for a concurrent sterilization procedure. Others cited apprehension of a scar rupture or fear of labor pain or both as their primary reason for opting out of a VBAC.Conclusions: The high incidence of ERC (Elective Repeat Caesarean) as compared to TOLAC (Trial of Labour after Caesarean) has long-term clinical and financial implications. Counseling given to the pregnant woman with an emphasis on the advantages of VBAC in order that she opts for a VBAC with confidence and enthusiasm is the only way forward
Degree of Complementarity Determines the Nonlocality in Quantum Mechanics
Complementarity principle is one of the central concepts in quantum mechanics
which restricts joint measurement for certain observables. Of course, later
development shows that joint measurement could be possible for such observables
with the introduction of a certain degree of unsharpness or fuzziness in the
measurement. In this paper, we show that the optimal degree of unsharpness,
which guarantees the joint measurement of all possible pairs of dichotomic
observables, determines the degree of nonlocality in quantum mechanics as well
as in more general no-signaling theories.Comment: Close to published versio
Broadcasting of entanglement and universal quantum cloners
We study broadcasting of entanglement where we use universal quantum cloners
(in general less optimal) to perform local cloning operations. We show that
there is a lower bound on the fidelity of the universal quantum cloners that
can be used for broadcasting. We prove that an entanglement is optimally
broadcast only when optimal quantum cloners are used for local copying. We also
show that broadcasting of entanglement into more than two entangled pairs is
forbidden using only local operations.Comment: 8 pages, Latex,final version, to appear in Physical Review
Entanglement teleportation via Bell Mixture
We investigate the teleportation of the bipartite entangled states through
two equally noisy quantum channels, namely mixture of Bell states. There is a
particular mixed state channel for which all pure entanglement in a known
Schmidt basis remain entangled after teleportation and it happens till the
channel state remains entangled. Werner state channel lacks both these
features. The relation of these noisy channels with violation of Bell's
inequality and 2-E inequality is studied.Comment: 7 pages, late
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