Theory of the SrTiO3 Surface State Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

We present a theory of the quasi two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems which appear near the surface of SrTiO$_3$ when a large external electric field attracts carriers to the surface. We find that non-linear and non-local screening by the strongly polarizable SrTiO$_3$ lattice plays an essential role in determining 2DEG properties. The electronic structure always includes weakly bound bulk-like bands that extend over many SrTiO$_3$ layers. At 2D carrier-densities exceeding $\sim 10^{14} {\rm cm}^{-2}$ tightly bound bands emerge that are confined within a few layers of the surface.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation along with Neurodevelopmental Therapy in improving the Gait Pattern of Post Stroke patients

INTRODUCTION: Gait restoration after stroke is a major concern of neurological rehabilitation. Stroke is the major cause of disability and raising mare number of handicaps in this industrialized world. In India thy rate of people affected by stroke is keep on increasing because of poor life style and other major factors. The need of rehabilitation after stroke places an important role to make the patient functionally independent in all aspect of basic life style. Physiotherapist is one of the team members who treat the patient in gross motor aspect. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to find the efficacy of combined treatment (Rhythmic auditory stimulation and Neuro Developmental Treatment approach) in improving the gait pattern of post stroke patient. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: MATERIALS: Couch, Foot stool, Blocks\steps, Chalk, Inch tape, Ramp. METHODOLOGY: Study Design: Pre test – Post test experimental study design. Study setting: Health Care Institutes approved by college and Guide. Sampling Method: Simple random sampling method. Sample size: A total number of 10 subjects diagnosed as stroke were taken for the study. Study Duration: The study was conducted for a period of 3 months. Inclusion criteria: • Age 40 to 65 years. • Sex – both male and female. • Able to walk 10 meter independently. • Hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident of more than 3 months duration. Exclusion criteria: • Cerebellar ataxia. • Impaired cognitive function. • Aphasia. • Basal ganglion lesion. • Unconscious patient. • Condition that affect mobility like arthritis disease, spinal abnormalities (or) any amputations. • Communicative disorder. RESULT: The most common cause for stroke is due to occlusion of one of the major cerebral artery especially anterior cerebral artery. The stroke patient has reduced functional mobility and reduced leg function and spasticity. Deana and Richards (2000) suggested that rhythmic auditory stimulation along with NDT training had a greater contribution in improving the lower limb extensor muscles after the intervention. At thighs-off, the centre of the body mass has moved forward over the feet. This position ensures that the relative position of body segment at thighs-off enables lower limb extensor forces to accelerate the body vertically into the standing position. (Carr 2009). Stepping up and down in difference direction (forward and sideways) strengthen difference synergic relationship between hip, knee, ankle extensor and hip abductors or adductors to train in different pattern muscles activation and flexible walking performance. (Shepherd 2000). Repetitive stepping exercise using of various steps of various heights increase the strength in the lower extensor muscle. Reaching forward, sideways and in different direction help the individual regain strength and control of the lower limbs, which may enable them to take more weight through the affected leg. Therefore there is mounting evidence that progressive resistance training is effective in improving gait pattern following stroke. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that was the rhythmic auditory stimulation along with NDT effective treatment for improving gait pattern in stroke patients. And also step length and stride length test could be used as the assessment tool for stroke patients

Corporate Portal Management System

Web Portal Software Systems have become a very effective communication medium for sharing. Our Portal Management System dramatically simplifies the creation and management of portals. A corporate portal is a web-based platform to access with security a broad range of information, services, applications and expertise. The corporate portal management system platform offers a flexible and robust content management solution that allows employees, customers and partners to safely collaborate on, contribute to and manage business content anywhere around the world. It can be utilised as an extranet that serves both internal and external users or as an intranet for internal communication in an organisation. Corporate portals can also provide single sign-on capabilities between their users and various other systems. The focus of our software is on presenting documents and content in an effective manner to individuals, groups, customers, partners and vendors. Portal content, services and applications can be customized and personalized to the need of different users or user groups. Content will be published on portal by a content management tool. Before publishing the content, it will be approved by management by using workflow. The basic and the most important function of the Corporate Portal Management System is the routing of data using the concept of workflow along with the various features like scheduling, commenting module and other similar features which make the software using service highly interactive and communicative. The use of this software can result in a reduction in the number of man hours spent in moderating the content on any portal. It also provides an easy to understand and intuitive interface for users which greatly helps in adapting to the use of this software

Ultrafast control of material optical properties via the infrared resonant Raman effect

The Raman effect -- inelastic scattering of light by lattice vibrations (phonons) -- produces an optical response closely tied to a material's crystal structure. Here we show that resonant optical excitation of IR and Raman phonons gives rise to a Raman scattering effect that can induce giant shifts to the refractive index and induce new optical constants that are forbidden in the equilibrium crystal structure. We complete the description of light-matter interactions mediated by coupled IR and Raman phonons in crystalline insulators -- currently the focus of numerous experiments aiming to dynamically control material properties -- by including a forgotten pathway through the nonlinear lattice polarizability. Our work expands the toolset for control and development of new optical technologies by revealing that the absorption of light within the terahertz gap can enable control of optical properties of materials over a broad frequency range.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Letter to the editor:Are the undergradute medical students well-informed of organ transplantation?

No Abstrac

Unusual Cubital Fossa Anatomy – Case Report

The median nerve is known to show variations in its origin, course, relations and distribution. But in almost all cases it passes through the cubital fossa. We saw a cubital fossa without a median nerve. The median nerve had a normal course in the upper part of front of the arm but in the distal third of the arm it passed in front of the medial epicondyle of humerus, surrounded by fleshy fibres of pronator teres muscle. Its course and distribution in the forearm was normal. In the same limb, the fleshy fibres of the brachialis muscle directly continued into the forearm as brachioradialis, there being no fibrous septum separating the two muscles from each other. The close relationship of the nerve to the epicondyle might make it vulnerable in the fractures of the epicondyle. The muscle fibres surrounding the nerve might pull up on the nerve and result in altered sensory-motor functions of the hand. Since the brachialis and brachioradialis are two muscles supplied by two different nerves, this continuity of the muscles might result in compression/entrapment of the radial nerve in it.Keywords: Median nerve, cubital fossa, brachialis, brachioradialis, entrapmen