The Autolite case : an economic analysis of a vertical merger and potential competition

On April 12, 1961, the Ford Motor Company purchased the following assets from the Electric Autolite Company of Toledo, Ohio: 1. Autolite's only spark plug plant in the United States; 2. One of its six battery plants; 3. The Autolite trade name and trademark; and 4. All patent and license agreements covering the manufacture of spark plugs and batteries. In addition, Ford obtained limited distribution rights in the form of Autolite's nationwide franchises. These included distributors, jobbers, and dealers which were involved in the sales of automotive replacement parts; it also included the sales organization that served these accounts. Finally, a written agreement was contracted between the two firms calling for Autolite to furnish certain spark plugs, batteries, and ignition parts to Ford for a period not exceeding three years from the date of purchase

The Economic History of the American Economic Review : A Century's Explosion of Economics Research

Written in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the American Economic Review , this paper recounts the history of the journal. The recounting has an analytic core that sees the American Economic Association as an organization supplying goods and services to its members, one of which is the Review . Early in its history the Review was a multipurpose publication with highly disparate content. Over time the economics profession expanded and more economics research was produced, primarily in the form of journal articles. Editors accommodated this shift by allocating more resources to the refereeing and editing process and more space to research papers. (JEL A14, B19, B29)

The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection