Injections of Encapsulated pH Sensor SNARF-1 do not Induce Apparent Stress Reaction in Larvae of Endemic Baikal Caddisflies Baicalina thamastoides

In the present study possibility of stress reaction of larvae of caddisflies Baicalina thamastoides Martynov, 1914 to injection of encapsulated sensors has been assessed. Activities of superoxide dismutase, non-specific esterases and glutathione S-transferase, which play important roles in functioning of organism defense systems, were used as biomarkers. Enzyme activities were measured after injections of empty microcapsules and microcapsules with fluorescent pH sensor SNARF-1, as well as after inlections of physiological saline solution and solution of the fluorescent sensor. Obtained results argue for nontoxicity and no apparent stress reaction of antioxidant and detoxification systems of B. thamastoides larvae to both types of microcapsules

Preliminary Analysis of Hemocyanins in Hemolymph Plasma of Baikal Endemic Amphipods

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of plasma hemolymph proteins of several endemic Baikal amphipod species showed that, as expected, hemocyanin is the main major protein in plasma of these species. Isoforms of hemocyanins form on the gels maximum 24 separate spots with slightly different molecular weight and vary by their isoelectric points. Analysis of transcript sequences of hemocyanin of Baikal amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus revealed a broad heterogeneity of hemocyanin isoforms, which were divided into 2 distinct groups on their amino acid sequence and have different calculated molecular weight and isoelectric points. The β-type of hemocyanin has been described for percarid crustaceans for the first time

Repetitive Measurements of Physiological pH by Implantable Optical Sensors in Muscles of adult Danio rerio: Preliminary Results

Encapsulated optical sensors are promising tool for measurements of physiological parameters inside living organisms. In the present study we tested the possibility to apply encapsulated fluorescent sensors to measure pH in muscles of adult Danio rerio. Right after injection, the sensors detect slightly acidic pH, while after 3 h pH becomes significantly more alkaline. These fluctuations are probably related to cell damage during the injection and further wound repair. After 20 h pH of interstitial fluid was equal to 7,65, which is in between previously measured values and close to the blood pH known for other fishes

A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity to Heat Shock in Amphipods Gmelinoides fasciatus of Littoral Community of Lake Baikal and Thermal Springs

The aim of the current study was to comparative assessment of the antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) in endemic species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) inhabitants of the littoral community of the Lake Baikal and the thermal spring under short term thermal stress. It was shown, that the exposure of G. fasciatus from different areas to acute temperature stress didn’t lead to changes in the activities of three key enzymes of the antioxidant system. However, it was found that the activity of glutathione S-transferase in the control animals of thermal springs population is higher than in animals of Lake Baikal. This can be determined by peculiarities of environment of different populations

The Particularities of Nonspecific Stress Resistance Mechanism Activation in Baikalian Endemic Amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebb, 1899) under Thermal Stress

The aim of the current study was to determine the characteristics of the stress response in endemic species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebb., 1899) in comparison with other Baikal amphipods under short term thermal stress. It were shown the changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes, and lactate dehydrogenase correlated with content of lactate under the influence of gradual temperature increase. While the changes of cellular stress - markers content or their activity in other Baikal species occurred beyond the thermal preference zone, the cellular stress - markers content or their activity in G. fasciatus associated with entrance into the thermal preference zone. Thus we concluded that the relict endemic species G. fasciatus has a different stress resistance mechanism to elevated temperature than other Baikal amphipods species