Problemas de regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos no campo das relações sociais

Objetivo do estudo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os princípios básicos do desenvolvimento da regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos no campo das relações sociais. Metodologia: O tema da pesquisa é a legislação internacional e estrangeira, legislação da Federação Russa, bem como documentos estratégicos e projetos de formação e desenvolvimento de regulamentação legal. No processo de pesquisa foram utilizados métodos legais e de análise estrutural, bem como análise especializada e de eventos. Resultados: O artigo apresenta uma análise de possíveis áreas de relações sociais nas quais as tecnologias de inteligência artificial e objetos robóticos já são aplicáveis, revela problemas terminológicos que não permitem uma abordagem unificada da regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial e formula propostas para o desenvolvimento de legislação no campo das tecnologias de inteligência artificial. Conclusões: Os autores concluem que, devido às diferenças significativas na terminologia e variedades de inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos, é necessário percorrer o caminho de desenvolver apenas princípios básicos de regulamentação legal aplicáveis a todos os tipos de inteligência artificial e objetos robóticos

Gene co-expression network analysis in Rhodobacter capsulatus and application to comparative expression analysis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Background: The genus Rhodobacter contains purple nonsulfur bacteria found mostly in freshwater environments. Representative strains of two Rhodobacter species, R. capsulatus and R. sphaeroides, have had their genomes fully sequenced and both have been the subject of transcriptional profiling studies. Gene co-expression networks can be used to identify modules of genes with similar expression profiles. Functional analysis of gene modules can then associate co-expressed genes with biological pathways, and network statistics can determine the degree of module preservation in related networks. In this paper, we constructed an R. capsulatus gene co-expression network, performed functional analysis of identified gene modules, and investigated preservation of these modules in R. capsulatus proteomics data and in R. sphaeroides transcriptomics data. Results: The analysis identified 40 gene co-expression modules in R. capsulatus. Investigation of the module gene contents and expression profiles revealed patterns that were validated based on previous studies supporting the biological relevance of these modules. We identified two R. capsulatus gene modules preserved in the protein abundance data. We also identified several gene modules preserved between both Rhodobacter species, which indicate that these cellular processes are conserved between the species and are candidates for functional information transfer between species. Many gene modules were non-preserved, providing insight into processes that differentiate the two species. In addition, using Local Network Similarity (LNS), a recently proposed metric for expression divergence, we assessed the expression conservation of between-species pairs of orthologs, and within-species gene-protein expression profiles. Conclusions: Our analyses provide new sources of information for functional annotation in R. capsulatus because uncharacterized genes in modules are now connected with groups of genes that constitute a joint functional annotation. We identified R. capsulatus modules enriched with genes for ribosomal proteins, porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll anabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites to be preserved in R. sphaeroides whereas modules related to RcGTA production and signalling showed lack of preservation in R. sphaeroides. In addition, we demonstrated that network statistics may also be applied within-species to identify congruence between mRNA expression and protein abundance data for which simple correlation measurements have previously had mixed results.Microbiology and Immunology, Department ofScience, Faculty ofNon UBCReviewedFacult