Genetic diversity in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars from Black Sea countries assessed using SSR markers

P>European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an important crop in Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan, where cultivars were selected from the native vegetation. Accessions from Turkey have been assigned to the Black Sea group, and cultivars from Georgia and Azerbaijan have a similar phenotype. Genetic diversity was investigated in 88 accessions from these three countries and compared with cultivars from Spain and Italy using 12 microsatellite loci. A high level of genetic diversity (H(e) = 0.71, H(o) = 0.70) was observed in the Black Sea accessions. Six Turkish accessions in the US hazelnut collections were found to be synonyms of cultivars in the Turkish collection in Giresun. An unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average dendrogram and principal component analysis of 109 unique accessions showed a tendency to form subgroups by country of origin, and high diversity within each subgroup. A moderate shift in allelic frequencies (F(ST) = 0.114-0.131) was seen between accessions from the Black Sea and the Spanish-Italian accessions. Simple sequence repeat analysis identified the putative parents of two Turkish cultivars.European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an important crop in Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan, where cultivars were selected from the native vegetation. Accessions from Turkey have been assigned to the Black Sea group, and cultivars from Georgia and Azerbaijan have a similar phenotype. Genetic diversity was investigated in 88 accessions from these three countries and compared with cultivars from Spain and Italy using 12 microsatellite loci. A high level of genetic diversity (He = 0.71, Ho = 0.70) was observed in the Black Sea accessions. Six Turkish accessions in the US hazelnut collections were found to be synonyms of cultivars in the Turkish collection in Giresun. An unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average dendrogram and principal component analysis of 109 unique accessions showed a tendency to form subgroups by country of origin, and high diversity within each subgroup. A moderate shift in allelic frequencies (FST = 0.114–0.131) was seen between accessions from the Black Sea and the Spanish-Italian accessions. Simple sequence repeat analysis identified the putative parents of two Turkish cultivars

World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science

In this study, mixed model assembly line balancing and sub-assembly selection problems are solved jointly. The mixed model assembly line balancing problem requires that tasks are assigned to workstations with balanced workloads. In sub-assembly selection problem, manufacturer determines which components of the products are assembled in sub-assembly area and which ones are assembled on the products directly in the line. Sub-assembly alternatives, task times, precedence relations and other system specific data are input to determine which tasks are assigned to sub-assembly area and which ones are assigned to the line for two conflicting objectives of minimizing cycle time and minimizing total cost. A recursive two stage goal programming approach is developed to solve the above mentioned problem. The developed model is then implemented in a real life automotive manufacturer's assembly line balancing problem