The evolution of the electric field along optical fiber for the type-2 and 3 PAFs in Minkowski 3-space

In this paper, we introduce the type-2 and the type-3 Positional Adapted Frame(PAF) of spacelike curve and timelike curve in Minkowski 3-space. From these PAFs, we study the evolutions of the electric field vectors of the type-2 and type-3 PAFs. As a result, we also investigate the Fermi-Walker parallel and the Lorentz force equation of the electric field vectors for the type-2 and type-3 PAFs in Minkowski 3-space

Palladium N-heterocyclic-carbene-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzaldehyde derivatives

WOS: 000259280600004New, sterically demanding 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazolium salts (2a-c) as N-heterocyclic-carbene precursors have been synthesized and characterized. The ortho position of aromatic aldehydes was directly and selectively arylated with aryl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic system prepared in situ from Pd(OAc)(2), 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazolium chlorides (2a-c), and Cs(2)CO(3). (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Sea level change along the Black Sea coast from satellite altimetry, tide gauge and GPS observations

Sea level change affects human living conditions, particularly ocean coasts. However, sea level change is still unclear along the Black Sea coast due to lack of in-situ measurements and low resolution satellite data. In this paper, sea level change along the Black Sea coast is investigated from joint satellite altimetry, tide gauge (TG) and Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. The linear trend and seasonal components of sea level change are estimated at 8 TG stations (Amasra, Igneada, Trabzon-II, Sinop, Sile, Poti, Tuapse, and Batumi) located along the Black Sea coast, which are compared with Satellite Altimetry and GPS. At the tide gauge stations with long-term records such as Poti (about 21 years) and Tuapse (about 19 years), the results obtained from the satellite altimetry and tide gauge observations show a remarkably good agreement. While some big differences are existed between Satellite Altimetry and TG at other stations, after adding vertical motion from GPS, correlation coefficients of the trend have been greatly improved from 0.37 to 0.99 at 3 co-located GPS and TG stations (Trabzon-II, Sinop and Sile)

Cross coupling reactions catalyzed by (NHC)Pd(II) complexes

WOS: 000365507600002This review is focused on new developments reported during the last 3 years concerning the catalytic performances of in situ formed or preformed NHC Pd(II) complexes (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) for cross-coupling reactions such as Heck Mizoraki (often shortened to the Heck reaction), Kumada, Negishi, Suzuki Miyaura (often shortened to the Suzuki reaction), Sonogashira and Hiyama couplings, and the Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, which are extremely powerful in the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. Due to the great number of publications and limited space here, we made a special attempt to compile the relevant data in tables, which we hope will serve as a guide for chemists interested in these reactions. The syntheses of the precatalysts and the generally accepted reaction mechanisms are also briefly described

A Case Report of Varicella Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Adult

Background: Chickenpox is a mild, highly infectious viral disease seen in childhood. However, the course tends to be severe in adults and immunosuppressive individuals. Case Report: A 40-year-old man with no known history of chronic disease presented to our hospital emergency department with widespread eruptions over the entire body and cough. Varicella pneumonia was diagnosed based on the patient being in contact with his children who had shortly previously contracted chickenpox, typical cutaneous lesions, and the clinical and thoracic computerized tomography findings. The patient was treated with acyclovir and antibiotics in terms of secondary bacterial infection. Complete healing was achieved after 7 days of treatment. Conclusion: This case is presented to draw attention to pneumonia, a severe complication of chickenpox.WOS:00067274970001

Vertical land motion along the Black Sea coast from satellite altimetry, tide gauges and GPS

Tide gauge records comprise of relative sea level change and vertical land motion, while satellite altimetry provides absolute sea level change in the Earth's center fixed frame. Accordingly, the difference of both observations can be used to estimate geocentric vertical land motion along the coasts. In this paper, the vertical land motion rates are investigated at 13 tide gauge sites along the Black Sea coast by analyzing differences between Tide Gauge (TG) and Satellite Altimetry (SA) observations. Furthermore, the estimated vertical motion rates are compared with those from nearby the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The results show general consistence with the present geodynamics in the Black Sea coastal region. For example, our estimates support the general subsidence at Bourgas and Varna. (C) 2017 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of novel N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium complexes

WOS: 000269288700027PubMed ID: 20449152The reaction of Pd(OAc)(2) with 1-(benzhydryl)-3-(alkyl) benzimidazolium salts 1a-d yields trans-bis[1-(benzhydryl)-3-(alkyl)benzimidazolin-2-ylidene]dibromopalladium(II) complexes (2a-d) which were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structures of 2b, and 2d were determined by X-ray crystallography. The catalytic activity of PdBr(2)bis(benzimidazolin-2- ylidene) complexes 2a-d was evaluated in the direct arylation reaction of benzothiazole with bromobenzene derivatives.Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK-CNRS (France)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TBAG-U/181 (106T716)]; Inonu University Research FundInonu University [2009/13]; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, TurkeyOndokuz Mayis University [F279]This work was financially supported by the Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK-CNRS (France) [TBAG-U/181 (106T716)], Inonu University Research Fund (I.U.B.A.P: 2009/13) and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey, for the use of the Stoe IPDS-II diffractometer (purchased from grant no. F279 of the University Research Fund)

Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a major handicap in the fight against bacterial infections, prompting researchers to develop new, more effective, and multimodal alternatives. Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine because of their lack of resistance to silver, their low potency at low concentrations, and their low toxicity compared to most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used for coordination of transition metals, mainly in catalytic chemistry. In this study, several N-alkylated benzimidazolium salts 2a–j were synthesized. Then, the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor was treated with Ag2O to give silver (I) NHC complexes (3a–j) at room temperature in dichloromethane for 48 h. Ten new silver-NHC complexes were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, and LC-MSMS (for complexes) techniques. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of salt 2 and its silver complex 3 were evaluated. All of these complexes were more effective against bacterial strains than comparable ligands. With MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 100 g/ml, the Ag-NHC complex effectively showed strong antibacterial activity. Antioxidant activity was also tested using conventional techniques, such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. In DPPH and ABTS experiments, compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3e, 3g, and 3i showed significant clearance

In situ catalytic activities of 1,3-dialkyltetrahydropyrimidinium salts/[RuCl2(p-cymene)](2) system for transfer hydrogenation reactions

WOS: 000296049900002Hydrogen-transfer reduction processes are attracting increasing interest from synthetic chemists in view of their operational simplicity. In the present study novel ruthenium carbene complexes were generated in situ and tested for their transfer hydrogenation reactions. The in situ prepared 3 component 1,3-dialkyltetrahydropyrimidinium salts (LHX)/[RuCl2(p-cymene)](2) and KOH catalyzed quantitatively the transfer hydrogenation of ketones under mild reaction conditions in 2-propanol.Inonu UniversityInonu University [BAP 2011/Gudumlu-4]; Ege UniversityEge University [2006/Fen/066]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)We are grateful to Inonu University Research Fund (BAP 2011/Gudumlu-4) and Ege University Research Fund (2006/Fen/066) for their financial support of this work and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for a grant