Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita: Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity

A 45-days feeding trial was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effect and interferon gamma gene expression of dietary fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) from Sargassum wightii on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings were distributed into six experimental groups in triplicates. Each group was stocked with 10 fish and fed to satiation with iso-nitrogenous (34.96 � 0.09–35.18 � 0.03 CP%) and iso-caloric (368.65 � 0.86–375.09 � 0.26 Kcal/100 g) purified diets containing either 0% FRSE (control), 1% FRSE (TF1), 2% FRSE (TF2), 3% FRSE (TF3), 3% seaweed powder (TS3) or 6% seaweed powder (TS6) in the feed. After feeding trial the experimental fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity and total leukocyte count (TLC) were increased with the increasing level of dietary FRSE, whereas serum Albumin/ Globulin (A/G) ratio and blood glucose level exhibited decreasing trend (P < 0.05)

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein)

Cloning and Characterization of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Growth Hormone Gene and its Heterologous Expression

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is one of the fast-growing catfish of freshwater origin, and its growth is attributed by the action of growth hormone (GH). In this study, the growth hormone gene (PhGH) of 3.0 kb was characterized, and it is composed of five exons and four introns and having characteristics of an upstream region that contains TATA, CAAT boxes, and binding sites of important transcription factors like Pit-1a, CRE, CREB, CREBP, Ap-1, SP1, and TBP. The full-length cDNA sequence of 1,069 bp was isolated using RACE technique, and it is composed of untranslated regions of 60 and 403 bp at 5′ and 3′, respectively, with an open reading frame of 603 bp that encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 22.57 kDa. The precursor of PhGH is composed of 22 amino acid signal peptides and 178 amino acid mature peptides. Five conserved Cys residues (Cys71, Cys135, Cys173, Cys190, and Cys198) and two possible sites of N-glycosylation (145th and 197th) were detected on GH polypeptide. The PhGH gene showed more than 90 % sequence similarity with other catfishes, and the phylogeny constructed revealed the close proximity of Siluriformes fishes with Cypriniformes fishes. The PhGH gene was observed to be expressed predominantly in pituitary tissues while weekly expressed in extrapituitary tissues. Further, the recombinant PhGH was expressed in Escherichia coli using His-tag expression vector pET 32(a), and the recombinant protein of ~23 kDa was confirmed by western blotting. Our findings suggest that the identified functional GH gene would provide basic information in transgenic studies aiming for faster growth rate. This recombinant growth hormone (GH) may be produced in large scale to exploit its growth-promoting function in other cultured fishes

Not Available

Not AvailableA 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein).Not Availabl

Optimum dietary methionine requirement of juvenile silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)

In this study, we optimized the dietary methionine requirement of juvenile silver pompano (average initial weight of 5.47 g). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (420 g/kg crude protein [CP] and 60 g/kg lipid) were formulated with different concentrations of methionine (5.1, 6.9, 9.0, 10.7, 13.1, and 15.2 g/kg dry diet) and a constant level of cysteine (5.3 g/kg). Fishes were randomly stocked in a recirculatory system for a feeding trial of 90 days. After the feeding trial, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in growth parameters such as weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), thermal growth coefficient (TGC), and feed utilization indices, including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), among different treatment groups. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, muscle ratio, condition factor, serum glucose, triglycerides, and erythrocyte count. The optimization of the fitted quadratic regression for WG, SGR, TGC, FCR, and PER based on the dietary methionine level showed that the optimum methionine requirement of silver pompano in nursery phase ranged from 11.6–11.8 g/kg dry diet (27.6–28.1 g/kg dietary CP), corresponding to a dietary cysteine level of 5.3 g/kg

Not Available

Not AvailableA 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein).Not Availabl

Optimum dietary levels of lysine and methionine reduces the crude protein requirement and improves growth in Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

This study was aimed to test the effects of lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) intake at different dietary protein levels (36, 38, and 40 g/100 g crude protein) on growth and metabolism in the juveniles of silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii). The experiment comprised six diets with different protein levels (CP 36, 38, and 40 g/100 g) without (D1, D2, D3) and with (D4, D5, D6) the supplementation of crystalline Lys (2.40 g/100 g) and Met (1.19 g/100 g). The diets were fed to the juveniles of silver pompano (average initial weight of 4.69 g) stocked in a recirculatory aquaculture system. After the feeding trial, the growth and nutrient utilization parameters in terms of weight gain percentage (WG %), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in the dietary crude protein levels and supplementation of Lys and Met. There were no significant differences in the growth and feed utilization among the groups D3, D4, D5 and D6, while the lowest values were observed in D1 (weight gain = 288.31%, SGR=1.50, FE=0.40). However, no significant differences were found in the levels of serum triglycerides, hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), serum cholesterol, serum albumin- to- globulin ratio (A: G) and whole-body lipid and moisture contents. In conclusion, the supplementation of optimum levels of Lys (2.40 g/100 g) and Met (1.19 g/100 g) in feed, with dietary protein level of 38 g/100 g, is sufficient for silver pompano and was found to result in better growth