Impact of MGNREGA on Socio-economic Status and Women Empowerment in India

A main section in world is facing problem of poverty and unemployment. Rural people are the sufferers of this poverty and unemployment, in order to eliminate these, government also commence some employment and poverty alleviation programmes like MGNREGs. This paper discuss benefits of mgnrega and its implementation, through this study, we focus to identify the influence and role of mgnrega in rural development and growth, and also suggested for the better implementation of this scheme

Determination of Nonlinear Refractive Index of Zinc Phthalocyanine by Pump Induced Fizeau Interferometry

Experimental measurement of intense light induced refractive index is demonstrated using Fizeau interferometer. Refractive index is induced in a specific region of the sample with intense light pulse of a linearly polarized, Q- switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064nm wavelength. The respective change in optical path difference (OPD) is measured using Fizeau interferometer. The OPD so obtained is mapped in terms of change in refractive index in the area of interaction of pump beam and sample. The measured induced refractive index is then used to calculate thermo-optic coefficient of the ZnPc embedded polymeric sample

Applying Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for The Identification of Medicinal Plant Leaves Based on Their Spectral Characteristics

The study and consideration of medicinal plants have been ongoing throughout history due to their significant role in maintaining the well-being of mammals. Although identifying medicinal plants can be a valuable skill, it is often time-consuming, tedious, and requires the expertise of a specialist. The project works on the technique of image processing, which identifies the various medicinal plants. There has been a strong emphasis on improving efficiency through the application of technology, with a focus on incorporating digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques. To ensure accurate plant identification, proposals involving the application of computer vision neural network techniques have been advanced. This approach involves neural network models such as CNN, SVM, KNN, and Navie Bay for identifying the medical plants based on their respective features. After the validation step, the project provides a classification of 92.3 precision and 90.56 F1 score

Trajectory Control of Robotic Manipulator using Metaheuristic Algorithms

Robotic manipulators are extremely nonlinear complex and, uncertain systems. They have multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamics, which makes controlling manipulators difficult. Robotic manipulators have wide applications in many industries like processes, medicine, and space. Effective control of these manipulators is extremely important to perform these industrial tasks. Researchers are working on the control of robotic manipulators using conventional and intelligent control methods. Conventional control methods are proportional integral and derivative (PID), Fractional order proportional integral and derivative (FOPID), sliding mode control (SMC), and optimal & robust control while intelligent control method includes Artificial Neural network (ANN), Fuzzy logic control (FLC) and metaheuristic optimization algorithms based control schemes. This paper presents the trajectory control of a robotic manipulator using a PID controller. Four different meta-heuristic algorithms namely Sooty tern optimization (STO), Spotted Hyena optimizer (SHO), Atom Search optimization (ASO), and Arithmetic Optimization algorithm (AOA) are used to optimize the gains of PID controller for trajectory control of a two-link robotic manipulator and a novel hybrid sooty tern and particle swarm optimization (STOPSO) has been designed. These optimization techniques are nature-inspired algorithms that give the optimal gain values while minimizing the performance indices. A performance index comprising Integral time absolute error (ITAE) having weights for both links has been considered to achieve the desired trajectory. These optimization techniques are stochastic in nature so statistical analysis and Freidman’s ranking test has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms. The proposed hybrid STOPSO provided a fitness value of 0.04541 and showed a standard deviation of 0.0002. A comparative study of these optimization techniques is presented and as a result, hybrid STOPSO provides the best results with minimum fitness value followed by STO, AOA, ASO, and SHO algorithms

Association of Fructose Enriched Foods with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases

oai:ojs2.ojs.ijcp.in:article/1Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide as well as in the Indian subcontinent, causing more than 25% of deaths. It has been predicted that these diseases will increase rapidly in India, making it a host to more than half the cases of heart disease in the world within the next 15 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in the year 2005 CVDs caused 17.5 million (30%) of the 58 million deaths that occurred worldwide. In the recent times, the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly linked with CVDs. MS is defined as a constellation of metabolic disorders in an individual. The main components of MS are dyslipidemia (higher triglyceride, low-density lipoproteins [LDL] and low high-density lipoproteins [HDL]), elevated blood pressure (BP), dysregulated glucose homeostasis, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Being one of the most widespread diseases in the world, almost half of the population of specific age groups in developed countries is affected by it. Studies have shown that the independent risk factors associated with MS increase the likelihood of CVDs. It has been postulated that excess intake of fructose promotes cell dysfunction, inflammation, intra-abdominal (visceral) adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, weight gain, insulin resistance, hypertension thereby aggravating the chances for developing MS, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease

Comparison of Radiological and Clinical Outcomes between Expandable and Non-expandable Cages Following Cervical Corpectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion is considered the mainstay of surgical treatment in cervical pathology. Expandable and non-expandable cages are preferred over autogenous bone graft because of donor-related morbidity. However, the choice of the cage type remains a debatable topic as studies report conflicting results. Thus, we evaluated the outcomes of expandable and non-expandable cages following cervical corpectomy. Studies were searched in various electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane) between 2011 and 2021. Forest plot was made to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes between expandable and non-expandable cages following cervical corpectomy. Altogether, 26 studies (1,170 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The mean change in segmental angle was significantly greater in the expandable cage group than in the non-expandable cage group (6.7° vs. 3.0°, p0.05). The improvement in segmental angle is better with expandable cages. Higher subsidence is a major problem with non-expandable cages, but it seems to be beneficial as evidenced by the high fusion rate and minimal effect on clinical outcome in patients with this cage

Comparison of radiological and clinical outcome among Kirschner wires versus 3.5 mm diameter cannulated cancellous screw internal fixation in treatment for the displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children

Background: Lateral humeral condyle fracture, the second most common injury around the elbow, accounts for 10-20% of all fractures of the elbow in children with a high incidence between two and 14 years.Methods: This hospital based prospective randomized comparative study design was include patients of both sexes in age group of 2 to 14 years attending SMS hospital, Jaipur during April 2018 to June 2019 or till the sample size achieved, with due permission from the institutional ethic committee and review board and after taking written informed consent from the patient.Results: 40 patients out of 50 were grouped as excellent (70.1%) while 13 were found good (22.8%) and only four patients were found poor (7.01%) as per Hardacre criteria of assessment of lateral condyle treatment in k wire group while excellent, good and poor results were found 68.4, 24.5 and 7.01% respectively in CC screw groupsConclusions: The displaced fractures (displacement over 2 mm) can be treated successfully by open reduction and K-wires or screw fixation with excellent results.

Functional and radiological comparison of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion method with interbody fusion device versus stand-alone bone graft in lumbar canal stenosis or degenerative lumbar instability

Background: Spinal stability is the vertebral ability to maintain their relationship and limit their relative displacements during physiologic postures and loads.Methods: Hospital based prospective randomized comparative study design between 2 groups included patients of both sex attending SMS hospital Jaipur, from April 2018 to June 2019 or till sample size was achieved, with due permission from institutional ethical committee and review board and after taking written informed consent from patients.Results: Inter group comparison of VAS score showed same results in both groups which showed statistically non-significant results. VAS score showed significantly reduction in both group A and B till the study period. Inter group comparison of ODI score showed same results in both groups which showed statistically non-significant results. ODI score showed significantly reduction in both group A and B till the study period. Inter group comparison of fusion rate score showed same results in both groups which showed statistically non-significant results. Fusion rate score showed significantly increased in both group A and B till the study period and at the 12 month it was 100% fusion rate.Conclusions: In the current series, the TLIF procedure with local bone graft alone improved anterior vertebral translation, disc height, and lumbar lordosis. A proper surgical technique with adequate discectomy and facetectomy would contribute greatly to the improvement of the radiological parameters; however, this improvement was not maintained at the latest follow up.

Developing A Neural Network-Based Model for Identifying Medicinal Plant Leaves Using Image Recognition Techniques

Herbal plants contribute an important role in people's health and the environment, as they can provide both medical benefits and oxygen. Many herbal plants contain valuable therapeutic elements that can be passed down to future generations. Traditional methods of identifying plant species, such as manual measurement and examination of characteristics, are labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address this, there has been a push to develop more efficient methods using technology, such as digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The exact recognition of plants uses methodologies like computer vision and neural networks, which have been proposed earlier. This approach involves neural network models such as CNN, ALexnet, and ResNet for identifying the medical plants based on their respective features. Classification metrics give the 96.82 average accuracies. These results have been promising, and further research will involve using a larger dataset and going more into deep-learning neural networks to improve the accuracy of medicinal plant identification. It is hoped that a web or mobile-based system for automatic plant identification can help increase knowledge about medicinal plants, improve techniques for species recognition, and participate in the preservation of species that are considered ad endangered

Interferon Alpha Characterization and Its Comparative Expression in PBM Cells of Capra hircus and Antelope cervicapra Cultured in the Presence of TLR9 Agonist

TLR9 plays pivotal role in innate immune responses through upregulation of costimulatory molecules and induction of proinflammatory cytokines like type I interferons including interferon alpha (IFNA). The present study characterized IFNA cDNA and predicted protein sequences in goat and black buck. Response of the PBM cells to TLR9 agonist CpG ODN C and Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) was evaluated by realtime PCR. IFNA coding sequences were amplified from leukocyte cDNA and cloned in pGEMT-easy vector for nucleotide sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed 570 bp, IFNA ORF encoding 189 amino acids in goat and black buck. Black buck and goat IFNA has 92.1% to 94.7% and 93% to 95.6% similarity at nucleotide level, 86.3% to 89.5% and 70.9% to 91.6% identity at amino acid level with other ruminants, respectively. Nonsynonymous substitutions exceeding synonymous substitutions indicated IFNA evolved through positive selection among ruminants. In spite of lower total leukocyte count, the innate immune cells like monocytes and neutrophils were more in black buck compared to goat. In addition, CpG ODN C-stimulated PBM cells revealed raised IFNA transcript in black buck than goat. These findings indicate sturdy genetically governed immune system in wild antelope black buck compared to domestic ruminant goat