SNPs with additive effects contributing to 1000-kernel weight.

<p>Heat-plots of (OF, top row) frequencies with which SNP markers were significantly associated with 1000-kernel weight in 100 cross-validation runs, (P, middle row) P-values of respective SNP markers that contributed significantly to the additive genetic variation of 1000-kernel weight, and (r², lower triangular section) linkage disequilibrium measured as squared Pearson’s correlation coefficients among SNP markers.</p

Cross-validated accuracies of prediction of genomic selection using RR-BLUP for seven quality in dependence on the size and composition of estimation sets as well as the relatedness between estimation and test sets.

<p>Estimation sets consisted of (A, top row) 10 male lines, a varying number of female lines, and 100 hybrids derived from them or (B, lower row) 10 male parents, 80 females, and varying numbers of hybrids derived from them. Triangles in red, round discs in green, and squares in blue represent T2, T1, and T0 scenarios with closest, intermediate, and lowest relatedness between estimation and test sets, respectively. Solid red, green, and blue lines indicate accuracies for of prediction for T2, T1, and T0 scenarios with estimation sets consisting of 10 male parents, 80 female parents, and 610 hybrids as reference.</p

Cross-validated accuracies of prediction of marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, mid-parent prediction and prediction based on general-combining ability effects.

<p>Cross-validated accuracies of prediction of marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, mid-parent prediction and prediction based on general-combining ability effects.</p

Cross-validated accuracies of prediction in marker-assisted selection for seven wheat quality traits.

<p>Varying degrees of relatedness between the estimation and test sets, with triangles indicating a T2 scenario with closest, round discs a T1 scenario with intermediate, and squares a T0 scenario with closest relatedness, and levels of significance, with P-values of 0.001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and applying Bonferroni-Holm correction for multiple testing, were used in genome-wide scans for marker-trait associations. Significant markers were then used to predict the performance of the individuals included in test sets. Numbers in brackets indicate the average number of significant marker-trait associations found based on 100 cross-validation runs. Red lines show corresponding non-cross-validated accuracies of prediction accuracies obtained based on the full data set.</p

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> and Evolutionary Analysis of Higher Plant Mitochondrial Genomes

<div><p>Background</p><p>Mitochondria are the main manufacturers of cellular ATP in eukaryotes. The plant mitochondrial genome contains large number of foreign DNA and repeated sequences undergone frequently intramolecular recombination. Upland Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) is one of the main natural fiber crops and also an important oil-producing plant in the world. Sequencing of the cotton mitochondrial (mt) genome could be helpful for the evolution research of plant mt genomes.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We utilized 454 technology for sequencing and combined with Fosmid library of the <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> mt genome screening and positive clones sequencing and conducted a series of evolutionary analysis on <i>Cycas taitungensis</i> and 24 angiosperms mt genomes. After data assembling and contigs joining, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of <i>G. hirsutum</i> was obtained. The completed <i>G.hirsutum</i> mt genome is 621,884 bp in length, and contained 68 genes, including 35 protein genes, four rRNA genes and 29 tRNA genes. Five gene clusters are found conserved in all plant mt genomes; one and four clusters are specifically conserved in monocots and dicots, respectively. Homologous sequences are distributed along the plant mt genomes and species closely related share the most homologous sequences. For species that have both mt and chloroplast genome sequences available, we checked the location of cp-like migration and found several fragments closely linked with mitochondrial genes.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The <i>G. hirsutum</i> mt genome possesses most of the common characters of higher plant mt genomes. The existence of syntenic gene clusters, as well as the conservation of some intergenic sequences and genic content among the plant mt genomes suggest that evolution of mt genomes is consistent with plant taxonomy but independent among different species.</p></div

Gene order and existed clusters between the mitochondrial gene maps of <i>Gossypium</i> and other four angiosperms.

<p>Gene order of the protein-coding and rRNA-coding genes, and the former's trans-spliced exons were based on the mt genome of <i>G. hirsutum</i> arranging from top to bottom. Genes of other four mt genomes were indicated by the corresponding numbers given to cotton genes listed on the left margin. Duplicate genes carried the same number. From left to right for (A) <i>C. papaya</i>, (B) <i>R. communis</i>, (C) <i>A. thaliana</i> and (D) <i>Z. mays</i>.</p

Repeats (>100 bp) in <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> mt genome.

a<p>Boldface: IR copy, compared with copy-1 as control.</p>b<p>DR and IR: direct and reverse repeats, respectively; IR/DR: both direct repeat and reverse repeat among multiple copies.</p

Distribution of conserved gene clusters.

<p>Distribution of conserved gene clusters.</p

L'Alerte : journal indépendant : politique, littéraire et commercial

17 octobre 19101910/10/17 (A14)-1910/10/17

Information of gene clusters in Gossypium hirsutum mt genome.

<p><b>Boldface</b>: Interval length between two genes.</p><p>Type I represents gene cluster composed of respiratory genes; Type II represents gene cluster composed of respiratory genes; Type III represents gene cluster composed of respiratory genes; Type IV represents gene cluster compose of respiratory genes.</p