Cantor's theorem may fail for finitary partitions

A partition is finitary if all its members are finite. For a set $A$, $\mathscr{B}(A)$ denotes the set of all finitary partitions of $A$. It is shown consistent with $\mathsf{ZF}$ (without the axiom of choice) that there exist an infinite set $A$ and a surjection from $A$ onto $\mathscr{B}(A)$. On the other hand, we prove in $\mathsf{ZF}$ some theorems concerning $\mathscr{B}(A)$ for infinite sets $A$, among which are the following: (1) If there is a finitary partition of $A$ without singleton blocks, then there are no surjections from $A$ onto $\mathscr{B}(A)$ and no finite-to-one functions from $\mathscr{B}(A)$ to $A$. (2) For all $n\in\omega$, $|A^n|<|\mathscr{B}(A)|$. (3) $|\mathscr{B}(A)|\neq|\mathrm{seq}(A)|$, where $\mathrm{seq}(A)$ is the set of all finite sequences of elements of $A$.Comment: 19 page

Les politiques de conservation de la forêt

Comparant trois cantons ruraux du nord du Sichuan, cet article analyse les enjeux et les contraintes liés aux programmes nationaux de conservation des forêts et de la biodiversité. Il souligne l’importance du contexte économique et institutionnel local dans l’application des directives nationales et la diversité des réponses possibles au niveau local. L’examen des programmes de protection des forêts naturelles et de conversion des terres cultivées met en évidence la difficulté de mettre en œuvre une politique de protection des ressources forestières durable et le rôle stratégique du gouvernement en matière d’application de ces politiques

Forest Protection Policies

This article compares three rural townships in northern Sichuan to assess the challenges and the constraints affecting China’s national forest protection and biodiversity conservation programmes. It highlights the importance of the local economic and institutional environment for the ways in which it affects the implementation of national directives, giving rise to a wide variety of local responses. Our analysis of the natural forest protection programme and the sloping land conservation programme shows both the difficulties in launching a sustainable policy to protect the forests, and the strategic role of the government in ensuring their implementation

DPL: Decoupled Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models

Prompt learning has emerged as an efficient and effective approach for transferring foundational Vision-Language Models (e.g., CLIP) to downstream tasks. However, current methods tend to overfit to seen categories, thereby limiting their generalization ability for unseen classes. In this paper, we propose a new method, Decoupled Prompt Learning (DPL), which reformulates the attention in prompt learning to alleviate this problem. Specifically, we theoretically investigate the collaborative process between prompts and instances (i.e., image patches/text tokens) by reformulating the original self-attention into four separate sub-processes. Through detailed analysis, we observe that certain sub-processes can be strengthened to bolster robustness and generalizability by some approximation techniques. Furthermore, we introduce language-conditioned textual prompting based on decoupled attention to naturally preserve the generalization of text input. Our approach is flexible for both visual and textual modalities, making it easily extendable to multi-modal prompt learning. By combining the proposed techniques, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on three representative benchmarks encompassing 15 image recognition datasets, while maintaining parameter-efficient. Moreover, our DPL does not rely on any auxiliary regularization task or extra training data, further demonstrating its remarkable generalization ability.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 8 table

Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Micro/Nanotube Arrays and Their Properties

We reported the optical and wettability properties of aligned zinc oxide micro/nanotube arrays, which were synthesized on zinc foil via a simple hydrothermal method. As-synthesized ZnO micro/nanotubes have uniform growth directions along the [0001] orientations with diameters in the range of 100–700 nm. These micro/nanotubes showed a strong emission peak at 387 nm and two weak emission peaks at 422 and 485 nm, respectively, and have the hydrophobic properties with a contact angle of 121°. Single ZnO micro/nanotube-based field-effect transistor was also fabricated, which shows typical n-type semiconducting behavior

One-Dimensional Nanostructures and Devices of II–V Group Semiconductors

The II–V group semiconductors, with narrow band gaps, are important materials with many applications in infrared detectors, lasers, solar cells, ultrasonic multipliers, and Hall generators. Since the first report on trumpet-like Zn3P2nanowires, one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures of II–V group semiconductors have attracted great research attention recently because these special 1-D nanostructures may find applications in fabricating new electronic and optoelectronic nanoscale devices. This article covers the 1-D II–V semiconducting nanostructures that have been synthesized till now, focusing on nanotubes, nanowires, nanobelts, and special nanostructures like heterostructured nanowires. Novel electronic and optoelectronic devices built on 1-D II–V semiconducting nanostructures will also be discussed, which include metal–insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors, metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors, andp–nheterojunction photodiode. We intent to provide the readers a brief account of these exciting research activities

RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether

Long-distance RNA transport enables local protein synthesis at metabolicallyactive sites distant from the nucleus. This process ensures an appropriate spatial organization of proteins, vital to polarized cells such as neurons. Here, we present a mechanism for RNA transport in which RNA granules “hitchhike” on moving lysosomes. In vitro biophysical modeling, live-cell microscopy, and unbiased proximity labeling proteomics reveal that annexin A11 (ANXA11), an RNA granule-associated phosphoinositide-binding protein, acts as a molecular tether between RNA granules and lysosomes. ANXA11 possesses an N-terminal low complexity domain, facilitating its phase separation into membraneless RNA granules, and a C-terminal membrane binding domain, enabling interactions with lysosomes. RNA granule transport requires ANXA11, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mutations impair RNA granule transport in neurons by disrupting their interactions with lysosomes. Thus, ANXA11 mediates neuronal RNA transport by tethering RNA granules to actively-transported lysosomes, performing a critical cellular function that is disrupted in ALS