Verification for Different Contrail Parameterizations Based on Integrated Satellite Observation and ECMWF Reanalysis Data

Aviation induced cloud termed contrail plays a more and more important role in the climate change, which makes a significant contribution to anthropogenic climate forcing through impacting the coverage of cirrus in the intersection of troposphere and stratosphere. In this paper, we propose one novel automatic contrail detecting method based on Himawari-8 stationary satellite imagery and two kinds of potential contrail coverage (PCC1 and PCC2) from contrail parameterization in ECHAM4 and HadGEM2. In addition, we propose one new climatological index called contrail occurrence and persistence (COP). According to the algorithm identification (AI) and artificial visual inspection (AVI), COP measured from Himawari-8 stationary satellite imagery is related to upper tropospheric relative humidity over ice (RHI) computed with the ECMWF reanalysis data by simple linear regression. Similarly, we compared the linear correlation between COP and PCCs fractions and found that PCC1 has better correspondence with COP than PCC2

Unsteady dynamics of cloud cavitating flows around a hydrofoil

The unsteady dynamics of cloud cavitating flow around a hydrofoil are investigated by joint experimental and numerical methods. Experiments are carried out in a rectangular test section of a cavitation tunnel. A high-speed video camera is used to visualize the unsteady flow structures. The visualized data are analyzed by using a home made soft ware. The drag and lift under the cavitation condition are measured. The spectral analysis for the measured date is conducted. The computations are conducted on the two-dimensional hydrofoil section, based on a single-fluid model of the cavitation: the liquid/vapor mixture is considered as a homogeneous fluid whose composition is regulated by mass transfer equation. The RNG k- ? turbulence model with modified eddy viscosity coefficient is used for the computations, and the modified coefficient is related to the vapor and liquid densities in cavitated regions for simulating the cavitating flow. A good agreement is obtained between experimental data and numerical simulations. The cloud cavitating area is divided in two parts: attached vapor sheet in the foreside of the cavity, and unsteady two-phase mixture in the rear region in the process of cavity breaking off. The local pressure increasing induced by the re-entrant jet is the main reason to lead the cloud cavity. The adverse pressure gradient in the rear area of the cavity is mainly responsible for the generation of the re-entrant jet.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84269/1/CAV2009-final9.pd

Development of swinging part profilometer for optics

A new surface metrology instrument, the ‘Swinging Part Profilometer’ (SPP), has been developed for in-situ measurement of optics undergoing robot-processing in the ground (non-specular) state. In this paper, we present the hardware-design of the SPP, together with software for hardware-control, data-acquisition and surface-reconstruction. First results on a sample part are presented, compared with interferometric metrology, and error-contributions considered. Notably, during each individual scan of a measurement-cycle, the probe remains fixed. This lends itself to automated probe-deployment by the same robot as performs surface-processing, as probe stability is required on only the time-scale for a single scan

Denoising Method Based on Sparse Representation for WFT Signal

Affected by external noise and various nature disturbances, Wheel Force Transducer (WFT) signal may be completely submerged, and the sensitivity and the reliability of measurement can be strongly decreased. In this paper, a new wavelet packet denoising method based on sparse representation is proposed to remove the noises from WFT signal. In this method, the problem of recovering the noiseless signal is converted into an optimization problem of recovering the sparsity of their wavelet package coefficients, and the wavelet package coefficients of the noiseless signals can be obtained by the augmented Lagrange optimization method. Then the denoised WFT signal can be reconstructed by wavelet packet reconstruction. The experiments on simulation signal and WFT signal show that the proposed denoising method based on sparse representation is more effective for denoising WFT signal than the soft and hard threshold denoising methods

Impulsiveness indirectly affects suicidal ideation through depression and simultaneously moderates the indirect effect: A moderated mediation path model

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the indirect effect of impulsiveness on suicidal ideation through depression and the moderating effect of impulsiveness on the indirect effect in an integrated path model.MethodsSelf-rating depression scale (SDS), Barratt impulsiveness scale-11th version (BIS-11), and self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS) were applied. A moderated mediation path model was established including impulsiveness, depression, and suicidal ideation as observed variables.ResultsThe main results revealed that the moderated mediation path model fit well in describing the relationships among impulsiveness, depression, and suicidal ideation. The indirect effect of impulsiveness mediated by depression and the moderating effect of impulsiveness on suicidal ideation was significant. Multiple comparisons showed that the indirect effects under different conditions of impulsiveness had statistical differences. The higher the impulsiveness was, the stronger the predictive effect of depression on suicidal ideation was.ConclusionsThe present study confirms that people who have impulsive traits are riskier to generate suicidal thoughts because they are more likely to suffer from depression and that people who are depressive have even higher risk to develop suicidal thoughts when they simultaneously have impulsive traits. In clinical and health care work, when considering depression to prevent suicidal ideation, impulsiveness needs to be monitored throughout the process of premorbid and onset stages of depression

Development of one-step SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR for quantifying bovine viral diarrhea virus type-1 and its comparison with conventional RT-PCR

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide pathogen in cattle and acts as a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV). One-step real-time fluorogenic quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on SYBR Green I dye has not been established for BVDV detection. This study aims to develop a quantitative one-step RT-PCR assay to detect BVDV type-1 in cell culture.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One-step quantitative SYBR Green I RT-PCR was developed by amplifying cDNA template from viral RNA and using <it>in vitro </it>transcribed BVDV RNA to establish a standard curve. The assay had a detection limit as low as 100 copies/ml of BVDV RNA, a reaction efficiency of 103.2%, a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.995, and a maximum intra-assay CV of 2.63%. It was 10-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR and can quantitatively detect BVDV RNA levels from 10-fold serial dilutions of titrated viruses containing a titer from 10^-1to 10^-5TCID₅₀, without non-specific amplification. Melting curve analysis showed no primer-dimers and non-specific products.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The one-step SYBR Green I RT-PCR is specific, sensitive and reproducible for the quantification of BVDV in cell culture. This one-step SYBR Green I RT-PCR strategy may be further optimized as a reliable assay for diagnosing and monitoring BVDV infection in animals. It may also be applied to evaluate candidate agents against HCV using BVDV cell culture model.</p