A Conditional Variational Framework for Dialog Generation

Deep latent variable models have been shown to facilitate the response generation for open-domain dialog systems. However, these latent variables are highly randomized, leading to uncontrollable generated responses. In this paper, we propose a framework allowing conditional response generation based on specific attributes. These attributes can be either manually assigned or automatically detected. Moreover, the dialog states for both speakers are modeled separately in order to reflect personal features. We validate this framework on two different scenarios, where the attribute refers to genericness and sentiment states respectively. The experiment result testified the potential of our model, where meaningful responses can be generated in accordance with the specified attributes.Comment: Accepted by ACL201

Numerical Simulation of Plate Evaporators in Multi-effect Distillation Seawater Desalination

AbstractOwning to the high heat transfer coefficient and relatively small heat transfer areas, plate evaporator is now becoming more dominant in the desalination market. However, literatures on plate evaporator performance for seawater desalination are rather limited. Physical and mathematics model for plate evaporator with corrugated plate was developed for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics in the channel of plate evaporator were analyzed in detail. The effects of different geometric parameters of corrugated plate inclination angle on seawater evaporating performance were revealed and discussed. In order to verify the simulation results, the experimental correlation for flow performance characteristics of plate evaporator was employed to compare with that of CFD results. The results may benefit the design of plate evaporators for multi effect distillation seawater desalination

Analysis on inorganic elements in Carthami Flos from different locations by ICP-AES method

Taking microwave digestion method and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES) method, 28 kinds of inorganic elements in 40 batches of Carthami Flos(CF) samples(dry tubular flower of Carthamus tinctorius Linn.)From Anhui, Gansu, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, and Yunnan were analyzed. The results show that among heavy metal elements, Cu content in 40 batches of CF samples tested is the highest, and Hg and Pb contents are also high. Hg content in CF samples from Yunnan is significantly higher than that in the samples from other provinces(autonomous regions); in CF samples from different provinces(autonomous regions), differences in Pb and Cu contents are not significant generally, and As and Cd contents are low or undetected. Among major elements, K content in 40 batches of CF samples tested is the highest, P and Mg contents are low, and Na content is the lowest. Na and Mg contents in CF sample from Gansu and P content in the samples from Yunnan and Xinjiang are significantly higher than those in the samples from other provinces(autonomous regions), K content in the samples from Yunnan is significantly lower than those in the samples from other provinces(autonomous regions), and in general, there is no significant difference in the samples from other provinces(autonomous regions). Among essential trace elements, Fe and B contents in 40 batches of CF samples tested are high, and Ni content is the lowest. Cr content in CF samples from Xinjiang and Gansu is high, Mn, Fe, Ni and Sr contents in the samples from Gansu and Zn and B contents in the samples from Anhui are the highest; cr, Mn, Fe and Ni contents in the samples from Jiangsu, Zn content in the samples from Gansu, and Sr and B contents in the samples from Yunnan are the lowest. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis show that CF samples from the same province(autonomous region) are clustered well, in which, CF samples from Anhui and Jiangsu are cluster firstly, the samples from Gansu and Xinjiang are close, while the samples from Yunnan are far away from those from other provinces(autonomous regions). This study establishes a rapid and accurate method for determining inorganic elements in CF, and it is suggested that there are certain differences in contents of inorganic elements in CF samples from different locations.

Experimental Study on the Road Performance of High Content of Phosphogypsum in the Lime–Fly Ash Mixture

Phosphogypsum (PG), as a by-product of the production of phosphoric acid, faces the problems of large annual output and difficult treatment. There is a large demand for fillers in the process of road paving, which may be an effective method for the utilization of PG resources. In this study, three proportions of phosphogypsum–lime–fly ash (PLF) mixture were designed, first, according to orthogonal tests. The comprehensive performance of the PLF mixture was tested by the compression rebound modulus test, unconfined compressive strength test, flexural tensile strength test, dry shrinkage test, and temperature shrinkage test, respectively. The results show that adding crushed stone to the PLF mixture can effectively improve the compression rebound modulus, unconfined compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength. The high content of PG in the mixture can also improve the dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage properties of the mixture. According to the road layer requirements, the optimum proportion of the PLF mixture is recommended, which may benefit the road construction and PG resources

Homoisoflavonoids are potent glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2) inhibitors–a potential mechanism for the glucose-lowering properties of Polygonatum odoratum

Foods of high carbohydrate content such as sucrose or starch increase postprandial blood glucose concentrations. The glucose absorption system in the intestine comprises two components: sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Here five sappanin-type (SAP) homoisoflavonoids were identified as novel potent GLUT2 inhibitors, with three of them isolated from the fibrous roots of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce. SAP homoisolflavonoids had a stronger inhibitory effect on 25 mM glucose transport (41.6 ± 2.5, 50.5 ± 7.6, 47.5 ± 1.9, 42.6 ± 2.4, and 45.7 ± 4.1% for EA-1, EA-2, EA-3, MOA, and MOB) than flavonoids (19.3 ± 2.2, 11.5 ± 3.7, 16.4 ± 2.4, 5.3 ± 1.0, 3.7 ± 2.2, and 18.1 ± 2.4% for apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, hesperetin, and genistein) and phloretin (28.1 ± 1.6%) at 15 μM. SAP homoisoflavonoids and SGLT1 inhibitors were found to synergistically inhibit the uptake of glucose using an in vitro model comprising Caco-2 cells. This observed new mechanism of the glucose-lowering action of P. odoratum suggests that SAP homoisoflavonoids and their combination with flavonoid monoglucosides show promise as naturally functional ingredients for inclusion in foods and drinks designed to control postprandial glucose levels

Undoped Strained Ge Quantum Well with Ultrahigh Mobility Grown by Reduce Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

We fabricate an undoped Ge quantum well under 30 nm Ge0.8Si0.2 shallow barrier with reverse grading technology. The under barrier is deposited by Ge0.8Si0.2 followed by Ge0.9Si0.1 so that the variation of Ge content forms a sharp interface which can suppress the threading dislocation density penetrating into undoped Ge quantum well. And the Ge0.8Si0.2 barrier introduces enough in-plane parallel strain -0.41% in the Ge quantum well. The heterostructure field-effect transistors with a shallow buried channel get a high two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) mobility over 2E6 cm2/Vs at a low percolation density of 2.51 E-11 cm2. We also discover a tunable fractional quantum Hall effect at high densities and high magnetic fields. This approach defines strained germanium as providing the material basis for tuning the spin-orbit coupling strength for fast and coherent quantum computation.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure