Genome sequence of the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris, a valued traditional chinese medicine

Species in the ascomycete fungal genus Cordyceps have been proposed to be the teleomorphs of Metarhizium species. The latter have been widely used as insect biocontrol agents. Cordyceps species are highly prized for use in traditional Chinese medicines, but the genes responsible for biosynthesis of bioactive components, insect pathogenicity and the control of sexuality and fruiting have not been determined. Here, we report the genome sequence of the type species Cordyceps militaris. Phylogenomic analysis suggests that different species in the Cordyceps/Metarhizium genera have evolved into insect pathogens independently of each other, and that their similar large secretomes and gene family expansions are due to convergent evolution. However, relative to other fungi, including Metarhizium spp., many protein families are reduced in C. militaris, which suggests a more restricted ecology. Consistent with its long track record of safe usage as a medicine, the Cordyceps genome does not contain genes for known human mycotoxins. We establish that C. militaris is sexually heterothallic but, very unusually, fruiting can occur without an opposite mating-type partner. Transcriptional profiling indicates that fruiting involves induction of the Zn2Cys6-type transcription factors and MAPK pathway; unlike other fungi, however, the PKA pathway is not activated.https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-11-r11

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Data Acquisition and Mining Algorithm of Car Networking under Big Data Background

In order to solve the problem of traffic jams, intelligent traffic technology and car networking technology were applied. In the context of big data, data acquisition and mining algorithms for vehicular network were studied. First, the overall architecture of the system was introduced. Then, the data acquisition technology based on the car network and the data mining technology based on the cloud plat-form were introduced. Finally, simulation experiments of real-time traffic information collection and recognition algorithms were performed. The results showed that the proposed mining algorithm had better data repair effect and better clustering effect, and the probability of misjudgment was smaller. Therefore, the algorithm can obtain accurate road traffic conditions

Big Data Compression Technology Based on Internet of Vehicles

To ensure the high efficiency of the development of car networking technology, large data compression technology based on car networking was studied. First, RFID technology and vehicle networking, big data technology in vehicle networking, RFID path data compression technology in the Internet of vehicles were introduced. Then, RFID path data compression verification experiments were performed. The results showed that when the data volume was relatively small, there was no obvious change in the compression ratio under the fixed threshold and the threshold change. However, when the amount of data gradually increased, the compression ratio under the condition of changing the threshold was slightly higher than the fixed threshold. Therefore, RFID path big data processing is feasible, and compression technology is efficient

Data Acquisition and Mining Algorithm of Car Networking under Big Data Background

In order to solve the problem of traffic jams, intelligent traffic technology and car networking technology were applied. In the context of big data, data acquisition and mining algorithms for vehicular network were studied. First, the overall architecture of the system was introduced. Then, the data acquisition technology based on the car network and the data mining technology based on the cloud plat-form were introduced. Finally, simulation experiments of real-time traffic information collection and recognition algorithms were performed. The results showed that the proposed mining algorithm had better data repair effect and better clustering effect, and the probability of misjudgment was smaller. Therefore, the algorithm can obtain accurate road traffic conditions

Data Acquisition and Mining Algorithm of Car Networking under Big Data Background

In order to solve the problem of traffic jams, intelligent traffic technology and car networking technology were applied. In the context of big data, data acquisition and mining algorithms for vehicular network were studied. First, the overall architecture of the system was introduced. Then, the data acquisition technology based on the car network and the data mining technology based on the cloud plat-form were introduced. Finally, simulation experiments of real-time traffic information collection and recognition algorithms were performed. The results showed that the proposed mining algorithm had better data repair effect and better clustering effect, and the probability of misjudgment was smaller. Therefore, the algorithm can obtain accurate road traffic conditions

Extraction of organic pollutants from environmental matrices: selection of extraction technique

The extraction of organic pollutants from solid environmental matrices has traditionally been done using non-instrumental approaches, e.g. Soxhlet extraction. Recent developments have seen the possibility of extraction using instrumental techniques, namely, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised fluid extraction. This review considers the applications of instrumental techniques for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides from soils/sediments. Then, in order to assist the analyst to select the most appropriate technique (traditional versus instrumental techniques), a comparison of their analytical figures of merit is considered