Stereoselective Sequential [4+2]/[2+2] Cycloadditions Involving 2‑Alkenylindolenines: An Approach to Densely Functionalized Benzo[<i>b</i>]indolizidines

A stereoselective sequential [4+2]/[2+2] cycloaddition process involving 2-alkenylindolenines has been developed. This unprecedented protocol allows a rapid access to densely functionalized benzo­[<i>b</i>]­indolizidines containing a fully substituted piperidine ring with five contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This finding demonstrated the unique synthetic utility of the 2-alkenylindolenine species in the construction of complex polycyclic <i>N</i>-heterocycles

Assembly of Indolenines, 3‑Amino Oxindoles, and Aldehydes into Indolenine-Substituted Spiro[pyrrolidin-2,3′-oxindoles] via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition with Divergent Diastereoselectivities

A novel one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of indolenines, 3-aminooxindoles, and aldehydes is reported. The reaction provides indolenine-substituted spiro­[pyrrolidin-2,3′-oxindoles] containing four contiguous stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr) under mild conditions. Remarkably, the inversion of diastereoselectivity could be readily achieved through slightly modifying the reaction conditions

Stereoselective Sequential [4+2]/[2+2] Cycloadditions Involving 2‑Alkenylindolenines: An Approach to Densely Functionalized Benzo[<i>b</i>]indolizidines

A stereoselective sequential [4+2]/[2+2] cycloaddition process involving 2-alkenylindolenines has been developed. This unprecedented protocol allows a rapid access to densely functionalized benzo­[<i>b</i>]­indolizidines containing a fully substituted piperidine ring with five contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This finding demonstrated the unique synthetic utility of the 2-alkenylindolenine species in the construction of complex polycyclic <i>N</i>-heterocycles

Stereoselective Sequential [4+2]/[2+2] Cycloadditions Involving 2‑Alkenylindolenines: An Approach to Densely Functionalized Benzo[<i>b</i>]indolizidines

A stereoselective sequential [4+2]/[2+2] cycloaddition process involving 2-alkenylindolenines has been developed. This unprecedented protocol allows a rapid access to densely functionalized benzo­[<i>b</i>]­indolizidines containing a fully substituted piperidine ring with five contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This finding demonstrated the unique synthetic utility of the 2-alkenylindolenine species in the construction of complex polycyclic <i>N</i>-heterocycles

Stereoselective Sequential [4+2]/[2+2] Cycloadditions Involving 2‑Alkenylindolenines: An Approach to Densely Functionalized Benzo[<i>b</i>]indolizidines

A stereoselective sequential [4+2]/[2+2] cycloaddition process involving 2-alkenylindolenines has been developed. This unprecedented protocol allows a rapid access to densely functionalized benzo­[<i>b</i>]­indolizidines containing a fully substituted piperidine ring with five contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This finding demonstrated the unique synthetic utility of the 2-alkenylindolenine species in the construction of complex polycyclic <i>N</i>-heterocycles

Discovery of a Novel Ketohexokinase Inhibitor with Improved Drug Distribution in Target Tissue for the Treatment of Fructose Metabolic Disease

Excessive fructose absorption and its subsequent metabolisms are implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance in humans. Ketohexokinase (KHK) is a primary enzyme involved in fructose metabolism via the conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate. KHK inhibition might be a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Herein, a series of novel KHK inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among them, compound 14 exhibited more potent activity than PF-06835919 based on the rat KHK inhibition assay in vivo, and higher drug distribution concentration in the liver. Its good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and pharmacokinetic properties make it a promising clinical candidate

Additional file 1 of Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies ESPL1 limits the response of gastric cancer cells to apatinib

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis the high expression levels of the candidate genes. a MCM2, CCND3, ESPL1, PLK1, TCF7, PRICKLE1 and VANGL1 mRNA level in AGS cells was detected after transfected with corresponding sgRNA; b MCM2, CCND3, ESPL1, PLK1, TCF7, PRICKLE1 and VANGL1 mRNA level in HGC27 cells was detected after transfected with corresponding sgRNA. Statistical significance was determined by One-way ANOVA. Data were represented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the NC group

Discovery of a Novel Ketohexokinase Inhibitor with Improved Drug Distribution in Target Tissue for the Treatment of Fructose Metabolic Disease

Excessive fructose absorption and its subsequent metabolisms are implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance in humans. Ketohexokinase (KHK) is a primary enzyme involved in fructose metabolism via the conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate. KHK inhibition might be a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Herein, a series of novel KHK inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among them, compound 14 exhibited more potent activity than PF-06835919 based on the rat KHK inhibition assay in vivo, and higher drug distribution concentration in the liver. Its good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and pharmacokinetic properties make it a promising clinical candidate

Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 3‑Amino Oxindole-Based Azomethine Ylides and α,β-Enones with Divergent Diastereocontrol on the Spiro[pyrrolidine-oxindoles]

A general and practical organocatalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-amino oxindole-based azomethine ylides and α,β-enones has been developed. This reaction delivered spiro­[pyrrolidine-2,3′-oxindole] products in high yields with excellent regio- and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, >20:1 rr, 99% <i>ee</i>). In addition, an array of spiro­[dihydropyrrole-2,3′-oxindoles] were readily accessed by oxidative dehydrogenation. Notably, the inversion of the diastereoselectivity of the spiro­[pyrrolidine-oxindole] product could be easily achieved through a facile oxidation–reduction process

An Organocatalytic Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Addition/Fluorination Sequence: Construction of Oxindole–Pyrazolone Conjugates Bearing Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters

A highly efficient and practical one-pot sequential process, consisting of an organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel–Crafts-type addition of 4-nonsubstituted pyrazolones to isatin-derived <i>N</i>-Boc ketimines and a subsequent diastereoselective fluorination of the pyrazolone moiety, is developed. This reaction sequence delivers novel oxindole–pyrazolone adducts featuring vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters with a 0.5 mol % catalyst loading in high yield with excellent enantio- and diastereocontrol. Notably, chloro, bromo, and thioether functionalities can be readily incorporated, rendering a broad diversity of the product