THE DRAWBACKS AND REFORM OF CHINA’S CURRENT RURAL LAND SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON CONTRACT, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION

This article analyzes the drawbacks of China’s current rural land system (the Household Contract System based on the collective ownership) mainly from the perspectives of contract, property rights and resource allocation. This article defines the Household Contract System as a lease where the collective (landowner) leases land to its members to farm independently. The drawbacks of China\u27s current rural land system mainly include instability of the peasants’ land use right and insecurity of their land income right weakening peasants’ enthusiasm for investment in land, and a lot of restrictions on the transfer of peasants’ land leases obstructing the flows and optimized allocation of labor, land and capital. According to analysis, the drawbacks of China’s current rural land system result mainly from the collective ownership and the government-run nature of the collective. This article then makes and elaborates the proposition of the privatization of rural land to peasants. It also analyzes the government’s land rights in private ownership of land and refutes the popular arguments against the privatization of rural land

Oxidation behavior of two-phase (γ’+β) Ni-Al coatings doped with Dy and Hf

Dy/Hf co-doped two-phase (γ’+β) Ni-Al coatings were prepared by electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD). Cyclic oxidation behaviour of the coatings were investigated at 1100℃. The addition of 0.1at% Dy or 0.05at% Dy +0.3at% Hf to two-phase (γ’+β) Ni-Al coating significantly improved cyclic oxidation resistance, while addition of 0.5at% Hf to (γ’+β) Ni-Al coating no obvious effect on scale adhesion. The 0.1at% Dy doped and 0.05at% Dy +0.3at% Hf co-doped two-phase (γ’+β) Ni-Al coatings yielded mass gain of 1.24 mg/cm2 and 1.04 mg/cm2 after 100h cyclic oxidation. The Dy/Hf co-doped coating showed even further lower oxidation rate as compared to the corresponding Dy doped. In order to sufficiently exert reactive element effect (REE), extremely low solubility of the reactive element in each phase of the coatings should be guaranteed

Tracking nitrogen losses in a greenhouse crop rotation experiment in North China using the EU-Rotate_N simulation model

Vegetable production in China is associated with high inputs of nitrogen, posing a risk of losses to the environment. Organic matter mineralisation is a considerable source of nitrogen (N) which is hard to quantify. In a two-year greenhouse cucumber experiment with different N treatments in North China, non-observed pathways of the N cycle were estimated using the EU-Rotate_N simulation model. EU-Rotate_N was calibrated against crop dry matter and soil moisture data to predict crop N uptake, soil mineral N contents, N mineralisation and N loss. Crop N uptake (Modelling Efficiencies (ME) between 0.80 and 0.92) and soil mineral N contents in different soil layers (ME between 0.24 and 0.74) were satisfactorily simulated by the model for all N treatments except for the traditional N management. The model predicted high N mineralisation rates and N leaching losses, suggesting that previously published estimates of N leaching for these production systems strongly underestimated the mineralisation of N from organic matter