1,366 research outputs found
Unitarity Quadrangles of Four Neutrino Mixing
We present a classification of the unitarity quadrangles in the four-neutrino
mixing scheme. We find that there are totally thirty-six distinct topologies
among twelve different unitarity quadrangles. Concise relations are established
between the areas of those unitarity quadrangles and the rephasing invariants
of CP and violation.Comment: RevTex 10 pages. Minor changes made. Accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev.
Neutrino Masses, Lepton Flavor Mixing and Leptogenesis in the Minimal Seesaw Model
We present a review of neutrino phenomenology in the minimal seesaw model
(MSM), an economical and intriguing extension of the Standard Model with only
two heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos. Given current neutrino oscillation
data, the MSM can predict the neutrino mass spectrum and constrain the
effective masses of the tritium beta decay and the neutrinoless double-beta
decay. We outline five distinct schemes to parameterize the neutrino
Yukawa-coupling matrix of the MSM. The lepton flavor mixing and baryogenesis
via leptogenesis are investigated in some detail by taking account of possible
texture zeros of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix. We derive an upper bound on
the CP-violating asymmetry in the decay of the lighter right-handed Majorana
neutrino. The effects of the renormalization-group evolution on the neutrino
mixing parameters are analyzed, and the correlation between the CP-violating
phenomena at low and high energies is highlighted. We show that the observed
matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe can naturally be interpreted
through the resonant leptogenesis mechanism at the TeV scale. The
lepton-flavor-violating rare decays, such as , are also
discussed in the supersymmetric extension of the MSM.Comment: 50 pages, 22 EPS figures, macro file ws-ijmpe.cls included, accepted
for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Calculable CP-violating Phases in the Minimal Seesaw Model of Leptogenesis and Neutrino Mixing
We show that all nontrivial CP-violating phases can be determined in terms of
three lepton flavor mixing angles and the ratio of to
in the minimal seesaw model in which the
Frampton-Glashow-Yanagida (FGY) ansatz is incorporated. This important point
allows us to make very specific predictions for the cosmological baryon number
asymmetry and CP violation in neutrino oscillations. A measurement of the
smallest neutrino mixing angle will sensitively test the FGY ansatz, in
particular in the case that three light neutrinos have a normal mass hierarchy.Comment: RevTex 13 pages (3 PS figures included). A new figure and references
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The association of XRCC1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical carcinoma
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is new therapeutic strategy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma, but the variables used to predict NAC response are still infrequently reported. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between <it>XRCC1 </it>gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and NAC response.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma who underwent NAC were collected. SNPs of <it>XRCC1 </it>(at codon 194 and 399) and XRCC1 protein expression were detected. The association of <it>XRCC1 </it>gene SNPs and protein expression with NAC response were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Response to NAC was not statistically significant in three genotypes, Arg/Arg, Arg/Trp, Trp/Trp of <it>XRCC1 </it>at codon 194(X<sup>2 </sup>= 1.243, P = 0.07), while responses were significantly different in genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln, Gln/Gln of <it>XRCC1 </it>at codon 399 (X<sup>2 </sup>= 2.283, P = 0.020). The risk of failure to chemotherapy in the patients with a Gln allele(Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln) was significantly greater than that with Arg/Arg(OR = 3.254, 95%CI 1.708 ~ 14.951). The expression level of XRCC1 protein was significantly associated with response to NAC. Moreover, the genotype with the Gln allele(Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln) at codon 399, but not codon at 194, presented a significantly higher level of XRCC1 protein expression than that with Arg/Arg genotype (F = 2.699, p = 0.009).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SNP of <it>XRCC1 </it>gene at codon 399 influences the response of cervical carcinoma to platinum-based NAC. This is probably due to changes in expression of XRCC1 protein, affecting response to chemotherapy.</p
Enhanced excitability of small dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats with bone cancer pain
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Primary and metastatic cancers that affect bone are frequently associated with severe and intractable pain. The mechanisms underlying the development of bone cancer pain are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether enhanced excitability of primary sensory neurons contributed to peripheral sensitization and tumor-induced hyperalgesia during cancer condition. In this study, using techniques of whole-cell patch-clamp recording associated with immunofluorescent staining, single-cell reverse-transcriptase PCR and behavioral test, we investigated whether the intrinsic membrane properties and the excitability of small-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons altered in a rat model of bone cancer pain, and whether suppression of DRG neurons activity inhibited the bone cancer-induced pain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our present study showed that implantation of MRMT-1 tumor cells into the tibial canal in rats produced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hind paw. Moreover, implantation of tumor cells provoked spontaneous discharges and tonic excitatory discharges evoked by a depolarizing current pulse in small-sized DRG neurons. In line with these findings, alterations in intrinsic membrane properties that reflect the enhanced neuronal excitability were observed in small DRG neurons in bone cancer rats, of which including: 1) depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP); 2) decreased input resistance (R<sub>in</sub>); 3) a marked reduction in current threshold (CT) and voltage threshold (TP) of action potential (AP); 4) a dramatic decrease in amplitude, overshot, and duration of evoked action potentials as well as in amplitude and duration of afterhyperpolarization (AHP); and 5) a significant increase in the firing frequency of evoked action potentials. Here, the decreased AP threshold and increased firing frequency of evoked action potentials implicate the occurrence of hyperexcitability in small-sized DRG neurons in bone cancer rats. In addiotion, immunofluorescent staining and single-cell reverse-transcriptase PCR revealed that in isolated small DRG neurons, most neurons were IB4-positive, or expressed TRPV1 or CGRP, indicating that most recorded small DRG neurons were nociceptive neurons. Finally, using in vivo behavioral test, we found that blockade of DRG neurons activity by TTX inhibited the tumor-evoked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in bone cancer rats, implicating that the enhanced excitability of primary sensory neurons underlied the development of bone cancer pain.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our present results suggest that implantation of tumor cells into the tibial canal in rats induces an enhanced excitability of small-sized DRG neurons that is probably as results of alterations in intrinsic electrogenic properties of these neurons. Therefore, alterations in intrinsic membrane properties associated with the hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons likely contribute to the peripheral sensitization and tumor-induced hyperalgesia under cancer condition.</p
Rephasing Invariants of CP and T Violation in the Four-Neutrino Mixing Models
We calculate the rephasing invariants of CP and T violation in a favorable
parametrization of the 4x4 lepton flavor mixing matrix. Their relations with
the CP- and T-violating asymmetries in neutrino oscillations are derived, and
the matter effects are briefly discussed.Comment: RevTex 9 pages. Slight changes. Phys. Rev. D (in press
Implications of the KamLAND Measurement on the Lepton Flavor Mixing Matrix and the Neutrino Mass Matrix
We explore some important implications of the KamLAND measurment on the
lepton flavor mixing matrix and the neutrino mass matrix . The
model-independent constraints on nine matrix elements of are obtained to a
reasonable degree of accuracy. We find that nine two-zero textures of are
compatible with current experimental data, but two of them are only marginally
allowed. Instructive predictions are given for the absolute neutrino masses,
Majorana phases of CP violation, effective masses of the tritium beta decay and
neutrinoless double beta decay.Comment: RevTex 15 pages (4 PS figures included
Anterior cingulate cortex is crucial for contra- but not ipsi-lateral electro-acupuncture in the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model of rats
Acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA) are now widely used to treat disorders like pain. We and others have shown previously that current frequency, intensity and treatment duration all significantly influence the anti-nociceptive effects of EA. There is evidence that stimulating sites also affect the antinociception, with EA applied ipsilaterally to the pain site being more effective under some pain states but contralateral EA under others. It was recently reported that local adenosine A1 receptors were responsible for ipsilateral acupuncture, but what mechanisms specifically mediate the anti-nociceptive effects of contralateral acupuncture or EA remains unclear. In the present study, we applied 100 Hz EA on the ipsi- or contra-lateral side of rats with inflammatory pain induced by intra-plantar injection of formalin, and reported distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between them. Both ipsi- and contra-lateral EA reduced the paw lifting time in the second phase of the formalin test and attenuated formalin-induced conditioned place aversion. Contralateral EA had an additional effect of reducing paw licking time, suggesting a supraspinal mechanism. Lesions of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) completely abolished the anti-nociceptive effects of contra- but not ipsi-lateral EA. These findings were not lateralized effects, since injection of formalin into the left or right hind paws produced similar results. Overall, these results demonstrated distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between different stimulating sides and implied the necessity of finding the best stimulating protocols for different pain states
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