Turning non-magnetic two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide into room temperature magnets by the synergistic effect of strain engineering and charge injection

The development of two-dimensional (2D) room temperature magnets is of great significance to the practical application of spintronic devices. However, the number of synthesized intrinsic 2D magnets is limited and the performances of them are not satisfactory, e.g. typically with low Curie temperature and poor environmental stability. Magnetic modulation based on developed 2D materials, especially non-magnetic 2D materials, can bring us new breakthroughs. Herein, we report room temperature ferromagnetism in halogenated MoS2 monolayer under the synergistic effect of strain engineering and charge injection, and the combined implementation of these two processes is based on the halogenation of MoS2. The adsorbed halogen atoms X (X = F, Cl, and Br) on the surface leads to lattice superstretching and hole injection, resulting in MoS2 monolayer exhibiting half-metallic properties, with one spin channel being gapless in the band structure. The Curie temperature of halogenated MoS2 monolayer is 513~615 K, which is much higher than the room temperature. In addition, large magnetic anisotropy energy and good environmental stability make halogenated MoS2 display great advantages in practical spintronic nanodevices

Management Letter, Year Ended June 30, 1999

The intestinal microbiome is essential in humans to maintain physiological balance and nutrition metabolism. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease and cholecystitis can cause intestinal microbial dysbiosis, and following bile acid metabolism dysfunction, positions the patient at high risk of colorectal cancer. However, little is known regarding intestinal microbiota characteristics in post-cholecystectomy patients. Here, we compared the microbial composition of cholecystectomy patients with that of a healthy population. We determined that cholecystectomy eliminated aging-associated fecal commensal microbiota and further identified several bile acid metabolism-related bacteria as contributors of colorectal cancer incidence via elevation of secondary bile acids.Significance statementWe identified aging-associated fecal microbiota in a healthy population, which was lost in cholecystectomy patients. Absent intestinal bacteria, such as Bacteroides, were negatively related to secondary bile acids and may be a leading cause of colorectal cancer incidence in cholecystectomy patients. Our study provides novel insight into the connection between cholecystectomy-altered gut microbiota and colorectal carcinoma, which is of value for colorectal cancer diagnosis and management

Parameter identification of PEMFC via feedforward neural network-pelican optimization algorithm

Parameter identification is a critical task in the research of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which provides the basis for establishing an accurate and reliable PEMFC model. However, the nonlinear characteristics of PEMFC model as well as inevitable noise data and insufficient measurement data often overwhelm traditional optimization techniques. In particular, noise data and inadequate measurement data can introduce bias or lead to data loss. To address this problem, a novel hybrid optimization strategy is proposed. Firstly, a feedforward neural network (FNN) is employed to preprocess the measured data (i.e., reducing noise data and enriching measurement data). Furthermore, Gaussian noise and Rayleigh noise with three signal-to-noise ratio levels are introduced to simulate various disturbances of noise. Then, the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is used to identify the parameters of PEMFC based on preprocessed data. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy named FNN-POA is verified by comparing it with seven advanced competitive algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that FNN-POA has higher robustness and optimization quality by comparing original data and preprocessed data. For instance, the root-mean-square error obtained by FNN-POA is reduced by 99.44% under medium temperature and medium pressure through noise reduction

Magnon-mediated interlayer coupling in an all-antiferromagnetic junction

The interlayer coupling mediated by fermions in ferromagnets brings about parallel and anti-parallel magnetization orientations of two magnetic layers, resulting in the giant magnetoresistance, which forms the foundation in spintronics and accelerates the development of information technology. However, the interlayer coupling mediated by another kind of quasi-particle, boson, is still lacking. Here we demonstrate such a static interlayer coupling at room temperature in an antiferromagnetic junction Fe2O3/Cr2O3/Fe2O3, where the two antiferromagnetic Fe2O3 layers are functional materials and the antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 layer serves as a spacer. The N\'eel vectors in the top and bottom Fe2O3 are strongly orthogonally coupled, which is bridged by a typical bosonic excitation (magnon) in the Cr2O3 spacer. Such an orthogonally coupling exceeds the category of traditional collinear interlayer coupling via fermions in ground state, reflecting the fluctuating nature of the magnons, as supported by our magnon quantum well model. Besides the fundamental significance on the quasi-particle-mediated interaction, the strong coupling in an antiferromagnetic magnon junction makes it a realistic candidate for practical antiferromagnetic spintronics and magnonics with ultrahigh-density integration.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

A VQ-motif-containing protein fine-tunes rice immunity and growth by a hierarchical regulatory mechanism.

peer reviewedRice blast and bacterial blight, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), respectively, are devastating diseases affecting rice. Here, we report that a rice valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing protein, OsVQ25, balances broad-spectrum disease resistance and plant growth by interacting with a U-Box E3 ligase, OsPUB73, and a transcription factor, OsWRKY53. We show that OsPUB73 positively regulates rice resistance against M. oryzae and Xoo by interacting with and promoting OsVQ25 degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. Knockout mutants of OsVQ25 exhibit enhanced resistance to both pathogens without a growth penalty. Furthermore, OsVQ25 interacts with and suppresses the transcriptional activity of OsWRKY53, a positive regulator of plant immunity. OsWRKY53 downstream defense-related genes and brassinosteroid signaling genes are upregulated in osvq25 mutants. Our findings reveal a ubiquitin E3 ligase-VQ protein-transcription factor module that fine-tunes plant immunity and growth at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels

Formation of Complexes at Plasmodesmata for Potyvirus Intercellular Movement Is Mediated by the Viral Protein P3N-PIPO

Intercellular transport of viruses through cytoplasmic connections, termed plasmodesmata (PD), is essential for systemic infection in plants by viruses. Previous genetic and ultrastructural data revealed that the potyvirus cyclindrical inclusion (CI) protein is directly involved in cell-to-cell movement, likely through the formation of conical structures anchored to and extended through PD. In this study, we demonstrate that plasmodesmatal localization of CI in N. benthamiana leaf cells is modulated by the recently discovered potyviral protein, P3N-PIPO, in a CI:P3N-PIPO ratio-dependent manner. We show that P3N-PIPO is a PD-located protein that physically interacts with CI in planta. The early secretory pathway, rather than the actomyosin motility system, is required for the delivery of P3N-PIPO and CI to PD. Moreover, CI mutations that disrupt virus cell-to-cell movement compromise PD-localization capacity. These data suggest that the CI and P3N-PIPO complex coordinates the formation of PD-associated structures that facilitate the intercellular movement of potyviruses in infected plants

Genomic Analyses Reveal Mutational Signatures and Frequently Altered Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the fourth most lethal cancer in China. However, although genomic studies have identified some mutations associated with ESCC, we know little of the mutational processes responsible. To identify genome-wide mutational signatures, we performed either whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 104 ESCC individuals and combined our data with those of 88 previously reported samples. An APOBEC-mediated mutational signature in 47% of 192 tumors suggests that APOBEC-catalyzed deamination provides a source of DNA damage in ESCC. Moreover, PIK3CA hotspot mutations (c.1624G>A [p.Glu542Lys] and c.1633G>A [p.Glu545Lys]) were enriched in APOBEC-signature tumors, and no smoking-associated signature was observed in ESCC. In the samples analyzed by WGS, we identified focal (<100 kb) amplifications of CBX4 and CBX8. In our combined cohort, we identified frequent inactivating mutations in AJUBA, ZNF750, and PTCH1 and the chromatin-remodeling genes CREBBP and BAP1, in addition to known mutations. Functional analyses suggest roles for several genes (CBX4, CBX8, AJUBA, and ZNF750) in ESCC. Notably, high activity of hedgehog signaling and the PI3K pathway in approximately 60% of 104 ESCC tumors indicates that therapies targeting these pathways might be particularly promising strategies for ESCC. Collectively, our data provide comprehensive insights into the mutational signatures of ESCC and identify markers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO