La variation linguistique dans la fiction de Lun Xun : enjeux et défis pour la traduction française

L’œuvre fictionnelle de Lu Xun est particulièrement marquée par la variation linguistique, trait essentiel dans tout travail romanesque et qui pose de réels problèmes au traducteur. Cet article tente de montrer, à travers de nombreux exemples, les enjeux esthétiques, socio-idéologiques et rhétoriques rattachés chez Lu Xun à l’utilisation combinée de la langue classique et des éléments dialectaux. Cela afin d’exposer, dans l’analyse détaillée de ces enjeux, les contraintes ou difficultés traductologiques qui peuvent en résulter. Il s’agit d’apprécier, à la lumière des réflexions théoriques fonctionnalistes de la traduction, dans quelle mesure et par quelles stratégies les traductions françaises répondent à ces défis

電気化学的水分解のためのナノポーラス遷移金属硫化物の設計

早大学位記番号:新8169早稲田大

NiCo2O4/C Nanocomposite as a highly reversible anode material for lithium-ion batteries

A NiCo2O4/C nanocomposite has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method followed by a calcination. X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrated the composite was composed of crystalline NiCo2O4 and amorphous carbon, and NiCo2O4 and carbon particles amalgamated together with good affinity. The electrochemical results showed as high as 914.5 mAh/g reversible capacity could be achieved at 40 mA/g current density in the potential range of 0.01-3.0 V. The initial coulombic efficiency of the composite was 79.2%, and the capacity retention was 78.3% up to 50 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance indicated that the NiCo2O4/C nanocomposite might be a promising alternative to conventional graphite-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Deep learning methods for solving linear inverse problems: Research directions and paradigms

The linear inverse problem is fundamental to the development of various scientific areas. Innumerable attempts have been carried out to solve different variants of the linear inverse problem in different applications. Nowadays, the rapid development of deep learning provides a fresh perspective for solving the linear inverse problem, which has various well-designed network architectures results in state-of-the-art performance in many applications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the recent progress in the development of deep learning for solving various linear inverse problems. We review how deep learning methods are used in solving different linear inverse problems, and explore the structured neural network architectures that incorporate knowledge used in traditional methods. Furthermore, we identify open challenges and potential future directions along this research line

Audiovisual n-Back Training Alters the Neural Processes of Working Memory and Audiovisual Integration: Evidence of Changes in ERPs

(1) Background: This study investigates whether audiovisual n-back training leads to training effects on working memory and transfer effects on perceptual processing. (2) Methods: Before and after training, the participants were tested using the audiovisual n-back task (1-, 2-, or 3-back), to detect training effects, and the audiovisual discrimination task, to detect transfer effects. (3) Results: For the training effect, the behavioral results show that training leads to greater accuracy and faster response times. Stronger training gains in accuracy and response time using 3- and 2-back tasks, compared to 1-back, were observed in the training group. Event-related potentials (ERPs) data revealed an enhancement of P300 in the frontal and central regions across all working memory levels after training. Training also led to the enhancement of N200 in the central region in the 3-back condition. For the transfer effect, greater audiovisual integration in the frontal and central regions during the post-test rather than pre-test was observed at an early stage (80-120 ms) in the training group. (4) Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that audiovisual n-back training enhances neural processes underlying a working memory and demonstrate a positive influence of higher cognitive functions on lower cognitive functions

Elaborately assembled core-shell structured metal sulfides as a bifunctional catalyst for highly efficient electrochemical overall water splitting

Low efficiency, short lifetimes, and limited kinds of catalysts are still three fundamental shortcomings that have plagued electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we rationally synthesized a cost-effective CoS@MoS hetero-structured catalyst that has proven to be a highly active and stable bifunctional catalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline environment. The heterostructure was obtained via a first hydrothermal approach to obtain hollow CoS nanoboxes based on the ionic exchange reaction between Fe(CN) of Co-Fe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) and S at 120 °C, and the subsequent in situ growth of MoS nanosheets on the surface of CoS nanoboxes at an elevated temperature of 200 °C. The synergistic effects between the active and stable HER catalyst of MoS and the efficient OER catalyst of CoS, as well as the morphological superiority of hollow and core-shell structures, endow CoS@MoS with remarkable electrocatalytic performance and robust durability toward overall water splitting. As a result, the designed non-noble electrocatalyst of CoS@MoS exhibits a low overpotential of 280 mV for OER and 136 mV for HER at a current density of 10 mA cm in an alkaline solution. Meanwhile, a low cell voltage of 1.58 V is achieved by using the heterostructure as both anode and cathode catalysts. This work paves the way to the design and construction of other prominent electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Audio-Visual Spatiotemporal Perceptual Training Enhances the P300 Component in Healthy Older Adults

In older adults, cognitive abilities, such as those associated with vision and hearing, generally decrease with age. According to several studies, audio-visual perceptual training can improve perceived competence regarding visual and auditory stimuli, suggesting that perceptual training is effective and beneficial. However, whether audio-visual perceptual training can induce far-transfer effects in other forms of untrained cognitive processing that are not directly trained in older adults remains unclear. In this study, the classic P300 component, a neurophysiological indicator of cognitive processing of a stimulus, was selected as an evaluation index of the training effect. We trained both young and older adults on the ability to judge the temporal and spatial consistency of visual and auditory stimuli. P300 amplitudes were significantly greater in the posttraining session than in the pretraining session in older adults (P = 0.001). However, perceptual training had no significant effect (P = 0.949) on the P300 component in young adults. Our results illustrate that audio-visual perceptual training can lead to far-transfer effects in healthy older adults. These findings highlight the robust malleability of the aging brain, and further provide evidence to motivate exploration to improve cognitive abilities in older adults

Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin‐induced skeletal muscle repair in mice

Abstract Background: Cathepsin K (CatK) is a widely expressed cysteine protease that has gained attention because of its enzymatic and non‐enzymatic functions in signalling. Here, we examined whether CatK‐deficiency (CatK−/−) would mitigate injury‐related skeletal muscle remodelling and fibrosis in mice, with a special focus on inflammation and muscle cell apoptosis. Methods: Cardiotoxin (CTX, 20 μM/200 μL) was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle of male wild‐type (CatK+/+) and CatK−/− mice, and the mice were processed for morphological and biochemical studies. Results: On post‐injection Day 14, CatK deletion ameliorated muscle interstitial fibrosis and remodelling and performance. At an early time point (Day 3), CatK−/− reduced the lesion macrophage and leucocyte contents and cell apoptosis, the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4, and the gelatinolytic activity related to matrix metalloproteinase‐2/‐9. CatK deletion also restored the protein levels of caspase‐3 and cleaved caspase‐8 and the ratio of the BAX to the Bcl‐2. Moreover, CatK deficiency protected muscle fibre laminin and desmin disorder in response to CTX injury. These beneficial muscle effects were mimicked by CatK‐specific inhibitor treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pharmacological CatK inhibition reduced the apoptosis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts and the levels of BAX and caspase‐3 proteins induced by CTX. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in skeletal muscle loss and fibrosis in response to CTX injury, possibly via a reduction of inflammation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of skeletal muscle diseases by regulating CatK activity