Lipossarcoma Bem Diferenciado do Retroperitônio com Desdiferenciação e Múltiplas Recidivas: Relato de Caso

Introdução: Os lipossarcomas retroperitoneais são neoplasias mesenquimais raras, sendo mais comuns os bem diferenciados e os desdiferenciados. O subtipo bem diferenciado pode sofrer desdiferenciação para tumores de maior grau. São neoplasias difíceis de tratar cirurgicamente, pois apresentam altas taxas de recorrência local, alguns subtipos podem metastizar e são pouco sensíveis à radioterapia e à quimioterapia. Relato do caso: Paciente feminina, 45 anos, apresentou dor abdominal e massa abdominal palpável em 2017. Foi submetida à ressecção de lipossarcoma bem diferenciado de retroperitônio, sem intercorrências. Em 2020, manifestou dor abdominal e perda ponderal. A tomografia mostrou múltiplas massas volumosas abdominais, com biópsia sugestiva de lipossarcoma desdiferenciado. Foi submetida à radioterapia neoadjuvante e, em seguida, à ressecção cirúrgica das massas e ileocolectomia direita. Em 2022, apresentou quadro sugestivo de obstrução intestinal, sendo submetida à laparotomia que evidenciou intenso bloqueio de alças intestinais, fístula duodenal, tumor retroperitonial e peritonite fecal. Procedeu-se à ressecção de neoplasia retroperitoneal, ileostomia e rafia de fístula. O histopatológico mostrou lipossarcoma desdiferenciado recidivado. A paciente evoluiu com complicações operatórias e infecciosas, necessitando de cuidados intensivos e antibioticoterapia. Após melhora clínica, recebeu alta com dieta enteral e segue em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Conclusão: O lipossarcoma de retroperitônio pode sofrer desdiferenciação, recidivas multifocais e múltiplas recorrências, necessitando de várias abordagens cirúrgicas, o que aumenta a morbidade e o risco de complicações. A cirurgia com margens amplas continua sendo a principal modalidade terapêutica

Comparison of balance assessment modalities in emergency department elders: a pilot cross-sectional observational study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than one-third of US adults 65 and over fall every year. These falls may cause serious injury including substantial long-term morbidity (due declines in activities of daily living) and death. The emergency department (ED) visit represents an opportunity for identifying high risk elders and potentially instituting falls-related interventions. The unique characteristic of the ED environment and patient population necessitate that risk-assessment modalities be validated in this specific setting. In order to better identify elders at risk of falls, we examined the relationship between patient-provided history of falling and two testing modalities (a balance plate system and the timed up-and-go [TUG] test) in elder emergency department (ED) patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of patients ≥ 60 years old being discharged from the ED. Patient history of falls in the past week, month, 6 months, and year was obtained. Balance plate center of pressure excursion (COP) measurements and TUG testing times were recorded. COP was recorded under four conditions: normal stability eyes open (NSEO) and closed (NSEC), and perturbed stability eyes open and closed. Correlation between TUG and COP scores was measured. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between patient-provided falls history and the two testing modalities. Proportions, likelihood ratios, and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves for prediction of previous falls were reported.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-three subjects were enrolled, 11% had fallen in the previous week and 42% in the previous year. There was no correlation between TUG and any balance plate measurements. In logistic regression, neither testing modality was associated with prior history of falls (<it>p </it>> 0.05 for all time periods). Balance plate NSEO and NSEC testing cutoffs could be identified which were 83% sensitive and had a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.3 for falls in the past week. TUG testing was not useful for falls in the past week, but performed best for more distant falls in the past month, 6 months, or year. TUG cutoffs with sensitivity over 80% and LR(-) of 0.17-0.32 could be identified for these time periods.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Over 40% of community-dwelling elder ED patients report a fall within the past year. Balance plate and TUG testing were feasibly conducted in an ED setting. There is no relationship between scores on balance plate and TUG testing in these patients. In regression analysis, neither modality was significantly associated with patient provided history of falls. These modalities should not be adopted for screening purposes in elders in the ED setting without validation in future studies or as part of multi-factorial risk assessment.</p

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in elderly: Case report and review of the literature

Sarcomas are rare lesions of the liver and represent <1% of primary liver tumors. Embryonic sarcoma (undifferentiated) of the liver is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that usually occurs in children with a peak incidence between 6 and 10 years. In adults, it is extremely rare with only 13 cases described in patients older than 40 years and 68 cases reported in patients older than 15 years. There is a slight predominance of females in adults. With an emphasis on morphological and immunohistochemical features, as well as on clinical data and imaging studies, we present this case report, in addition to extensive literature review on the topic

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: report of two cases and literature review

ABSTRACTFollicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, first described in 1986 by Monda. Case 1: A female patient, 50-year-old performed abdominal computed tomography scan that detected a tumor lesion of 8.0 cm in the mesentery. She underwent resection of the lesion. Microscopic examination revealed epithelioid neoplasm, interspersed with lymphocytes, and positive immunohistochemical staining for CD21 and CD35. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Case 2: A male patient, 21-year-old presented right-sided neck mass measuring 7.0 cm. The biopsy revealed proliferation of spindle cells, interspersed with inflammatory infiltrate and storiform arrangement, and positive immunohistochemical staining for CD21 and CD23. The patient underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy and surgical resection

Giant retroperitoneal myelolipoma: case report and literature review

Adrenal myelolipomas are unusual benign tumors with an average age of 60 years at onset, often associated with adrenal gland. A 63-year-old female presenting with abdominal discomfort and a large expanding mass in retroperitoneum occupying the right hemiabdomen, with extrinsic compression of adjacent organs, underwent tumor resection. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed a large yellowish homogeneous lesion with areas of hemorrhage, covered by a thin fibrous capsule. Microscopic analysis revealed a neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes permeated by hematopoietic tissue. There was residual adrenal cortex around the lesion

Magnetic resonance neurography in the diagnosis of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: Case report and literature review

Magnetic resonance neurography is a technique for identifying anatomy and pathologic lesions of nerves, and has emerged as a helpful technique for localizing lesions and elucidating the underlying etiology. Ganglioneuromas are highly differentiated benign tumors. This lesion is rare and exhibits undetermined symptoms, the features of using the magnetic resonance neurography are a great ally to determine its diagnosis. The authors illustrate a case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma emphasizing its image characteristics using magnetic resonance neurography with the diagnosis confirmed by histopathological examination. Keywords: Ganglioneuroma, Lumbosacral plexus, MRI, MR