Preparation and Characterization of ketoconazole encapsulated liposome and ethosome: A Comparative study.

Skin act as a major target as well as a principle barrier for transdermal drug delivery. Vesicular system is one of the most promising approaches for transdermal delivery of active substances. Liposomes are most commonly used vesicular delivery system. But it has certain limitations such as lesser stability, reduced encapsulation efficiency, etc led to formulation of ethosomes. In the present work we encapsulated various concentration of ketoconazole (an antifungal drug) within ethosome and liposome and made a comparative evaluation of their morphology, size, potential, stability and anti-fungal efficacy. Ethosomes showed better stability, encapsulation efficiency and anti-fungal activity as compared to liposome due to its ethanolic content. So ethosomal formulation may prove as a very promising option for transdermal delivery and has potential for new opportunities for topical application of ketoconazole in the fungal infections

A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths over a period of five years at a tertiary care hospital of central India

Background: Maternal mortality is one of the important indicators used for the measurement of maternal health. The present study was conducted to analyse the maternal deaths over a period of five years in a tertiary care centre, GMH Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.Methods: A retrospective observational   study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa. The case records of all maternal deaths between January 3013 to December 2017 were collected from hospital medical records and studied. Data were analyzed statistically.Results: There were 214 maternal deaths from January 3013 to December 2017.The average maternal mortality ratio over a period of five years was 471.5 per one lac live births. Majority of maternal deaths were from toxaemia 33.2%, haemorrhage 26.2%, anaemia 16.3% and sepsis 12.6%.Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of early antenatal registration of all pregnancies and regular follow up of cases by trained staff. Active management of high-risk groups by frequent antenatal visits, fluid and component transfusions, aggressive management of infection and closer monitoring of women in labor. Higher fertility and unwanted pregnancies should be reduced through family welfare services and easy availability of Medical termination of pregnancy services to be ensured. Analysis of every maternal death through maternal death audit should be carried out.

Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction: an interesting experience from central India regional cancer center

Background: Head and neck cancer are sixth most common cancers worldwide with cancer of oral cavity most common. The primary treatment modality for oral cavity cancer has been surgery and defects resulting from the ablation of the tumors require reconstruction. the PMMC flap offer an easy, less time consuming with minimal postoperative complication as a reconstructive option in the hands of reconstructive surgeon. The objective of our study was to give a precise description of our experience with the PMMC flap as a reconstructive option in post-ablative head and cancer surgery.Methods: The current prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional cancer center, Pt. JNMC, Raipur (C.G.), India from the January 2014 to June 2015. Detailed clinical history and examination of the patients were recorded. All Investigations relevant to the study were done before the surgical procedure. Procedure was performed as per standard protocol and reconstruction was made with PMMC flap. Data was compiled in MS Excel and checked for its completeness and correctness. Then it was analyzed.Results: In the present study male to female ratio was 2:1. Most of the patients belongs to the age group of 41-60 (55.55%) followed by 21-40 (30.15%). In the present study majority of patient of oral malignancy presented with lower alveolus malignancy (36.5%) followed by buccal mucosa malignancy (19.06%).Conclusions: Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was found to be a versatile flap for reconstruction of large defects in Head and Neck region with minimal complication rate.

Development and characterization of sol–gel silica–alumina composite coatings on AISI 316L for implant applications

Sol–gel alumina coatings were deposited on medical grade stainless steel (AISI 316L) with an intermediate layer of silica by dip-coating method. The coatings obtained were homogeneous, crack-free and consisted of low crystalline γ-Al2O3 along with some boehmite phase. EDAX revealed the presence of only Al in the film. The corrosion performance of alumina-coated stainless steel was evaluated by electrochemical polarization, open-circuit potential measurement and chronoamperometry in Ringer's solution. Coating has shown to enhance the pitting potential of AISI 316L by 470 mV and reduced passive current ≤ 10− 9 A cm− 2. The formation of thermodynamically stable silica–alumina interface was proposed to account for enhanced corrosion protection behaviour of the coating

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INJURY PATTERN AMONG NON-FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT CASES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN CENTRAL INDIA

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents? OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nagpur, a city in central India. PARTICIPANTS: 423 non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents reporting for treatment to Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nagpur during 1999-2000. STUDY VARIABLES: Demographic characteristics, accident characteristics. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Percentages, proportions, Chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of total 423 subjects, 363 (85.8%) were male while only 60 (14.2%) were female subjects. Majority of the victims (75%) were in the age group 18- 37 years. Sideways collision was the most common type of accident seen in 269 (63.59%) cases. Two wheelers and LMV were the common vehicle being involved in accidents (69.97%) and these accidents were almost equally distributed in both half of the day. Fracture of the bones was the common injury afflicted to the victims followed by multiple injuries like blunt injury, abrasions and lacerations. Lower extremity was involved in 192 (45.39%) cases while multiple sites were affected in 114 (26.95%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the fractures were the commonest injury among the victims of non-fatal road traffic accidents