The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nocturnal enuresis is an important problem among young children living in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in the prevalence of enuresis between children in boarding school and daytime school and the association of enuresis with sociodemographic factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 562 self-administered questionnaires were distrubuted to parents from two different types of schools. One of them was a day-time school and the other was a boarding school. To describe enuresis the ICD-10 definition of at least one wet night per month for three consecutive months was used. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictive factors for enuresis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 14.9%. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis declined with age. Of the 6 year old children 33.3% still wetted their beds, while the ratio was 2.6% for 15 years-olds. There was no significant difference in prevalence of nocturnal enuresis between boys and girls (14.3% versus 16. 8%). Enuresis was reported as 18.5% among children attending day time school and among those 11.5% attending boarding school (p < 0.05). Prevalence of enuresis was increased in children living in villages, with low income and with positive family history (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, history of urinary tract infection (OR = 2.02), age (OR = 1.28), low monthly income (OR = 2.86) and family history of enuresis (OR = 3.64) were factors associated with enuresis. 46.4% of parents and 57.1% of enuretic children were significantly concerned about the impact of enuresis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Enuresis was more frequent among children attending daytime school when compared to boarding school. Our findings suggest that nocturnal enuresis is a common problem among school children, especially with low income, smaller age, family history of enuresis and history of urinary tract infection. Enuresis is a pediatric public health problem and efforts at all levels should be made such as preventive, etiological and curative.</p

The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anemia is considered a severe public health problem by World Health Organization when anemia prevalence is equal to or greater than 40% in the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the anemia prevalence with the associated factors in pregnant women and to determine the serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin status in anaemic pregnants in Malatya province.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a cross-sectional survey. A multi-sage stratified probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling methodology was used. A total of 823 pregnant women from sixty clusters were studied. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the subject and blood samples were drawn. Total blood count was performed within four hours and serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin were studied after storing sera at -20 C for six months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anemia prevalence was 27.1% (Hb < 11.0 gr/dl). Having four or more living children (OR = 2.2), being at the third trimester (OR = 2.3) and having a low family income (OR = 1.6) were determined as the independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Anemia was also associated with soil eating (PICA) in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Of anaemic women, 50.0% had a transferrin saturation less than 10% indicating iron deficiency, 34.5% were deficient in B12 vitamin and 71.7% were deficient in folate. Most of the anemias were normocytic-normochromic (56.5%) indicating mixed anemia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In Malatya, for pregnant women anemia was a moderate public health problem. Coexisting of iron, folate and B vitamin deficiencies was observed among anaemics. To continue anemia control strategies with reasonable care and diligence was recommended.</p

Knowledge, attitude and practices of health school students in Bitlis Eren University about the emergency contraception and the associated factors

The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice and factors affecting the emergency contraception of the students of Health School of Bitlis Eren University. This study was conducted by using the cross-sectional research model among analytical research models on Health School students studying at Bitlis Eren University during the fall semester of 2016-2017 academic year. The researchers applied the questionnaire to 398 (82.9%) out of 480 students studying in Health School of Bitlis Eren University during the fall semester of 2016-2017 academic year under observation. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 package program. In the statistical evaluation, percent distributions and chi-square significance test were used and the value of p [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 627-33

Adaptation of Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study [Cep Telefonu Problemli Kullanim (PU) Olceginin Turkceye Uyarlanmasi: Gecerlik ve Guvenilirlik Calismasi]

This is a methodological type research that was proceeded to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Scale for the Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PU) among the Turkish society. The related research was conducted within the Spring Semester of 2011-2012 Academic Year on 387 students attending Inonu University Medical Faculty. Besides the scale, a questionnaire for determining the descriptive features of the students was also used in the study. The German original scale was translated into Turkish by using the group translation and retranslation techniques. Content validity index were analyzed for the content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were conducted for the construct validity and of the scale, the stability over time and internal consistency for reliability analyzes were conducted. Turkish questionnaire of the scale was reviewed by 10 experts to determine for the content (theme) validity. The necessary corrections were done in accordance with the suggestions of the experts, and the value of the content validity index of the scale (KGI) was found 0.89. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses performed to test the structure validity of the scale were completed, and a three-factor structure explaining the 45% of the total scale variance was obtained. Cronbach Alpha value calculated for the reliability analyses of the scales was found 0.854, meanwhile the test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale for the total points was found 0.86. Additionally, the difference between the total average points of the pre-test and the re-test of the scale was not found statistically significant (p=0.30). As a result of the Turkish version of the scale of the values obtained from the PU is defined to be a reliable and valid scale. [Med-Science 2014; 3(3.000): 1361-81

Assessment of awareness, knowledge levels and consumer perception of students of health high school towards functional foods

This study was designed to evaluate consumer perception of students, who were studying in Bitlis Eren University School of Health, regarding functional foods. Study population consisted of 480 students who were attending to Bitlis Eren University School of Health. Of these 74.6% (n = 358) were participated to the study. A Likert-type scale, which was developed by Kopuz (2011) regarding the consumer perception on functional foods, consists of 18 items and is scored between 1-5, was used. 72.1% of the students had no knowledge about functional foods and 69.3% wanted to be informed about functional foods. 30.3% of the students consumed functional food. When the mean score and standard deviations of the 4 subscales for functional foods were examined, the perception regarding the effect on health was 3.204± 0.651, consumption perception was 3.365± 0.643, necessity of use and product prestige perception was 2.600± 0.634, physical quality perception was 3.616±0.644. While the participants physical quality perception on functional products was observed as I agree, their perceptions on the effect on health, consumption and necessity of use and product prestige perception were observed as Undecided or in other words neither positive nor negative. According to the results of this study, it was observed that the necessity of use and product prestige perception status of the students studying in the school of health about the functional foods was at undecided level. [Med-Science 2018; 7(1.000): 194-202

The Attitudes and Behaviors of the Medical Faculty Students of Inonu University towards the Disabled [Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Ogrencilerinin Engellilere Yonelik Tutum Ve Davranislari]

Being disabled is a situation stemming from physical, mental or psychological functional or structural differences, which makes it difficult for the individual to participate in professional life. According to the 2011 data of the Statistical Institution of Turkey, 12.29% of the population of Turkey consists of the disabled individuals. This study has been conducted to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the Medical Faculty students of Inonu University towards the disabled individuals. The study is a cross-sectional study, and has been conducted with the Medical Faculty students of Inonu University in 2015 February-March. The minimum sampling size formula has been calculated for the 1298 Medical Faculty students of Inonu University in the study period. 658 people participated to the study. Data collection has been performed with the questionnaire technique under interview, and the questionnaire consisted of two sections. In the first section, the questions were about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. In the second section, the Attitude Scale for the Disabled, which was developed by Dokmen Z. in 2000, was used. In the analysis of the data, the t Test and the One-Way Variance Analysis has been used for the independent variables. The mean age of the participants was 21.94±2.28. 53.9%of the students weremale, and 46.1% were female. 31.5% of the students stated that they had a disabled individual in their families or vicinity, 3.7% of them stated that they were disabled. The average point of the students who had disabled individuals around them was 66.66±19.84, the average point of the group which did not have was 68.90±19.61 (p&gt;0.05). The average point of the group who were disabled was 70.14±19.00, and the average point of the group who were not was 68.18±19.74 (p&gt;0.05). According to our study, the Medical Faculty students had positive attitudes towards the disabled individuals. Young age, female gender, elementary family and plenty of siblings were the reasons for positive attitude. Social activities are needed to be added to the curricula of the Medical Faculty students who are in close interaction with every layer of the society to ensure that their attitudes become more positive towards the disabled. [Med-Science 2016; 5(2.000): 351-62

Determining the Attitudes of the Students of Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, on Social Gender Roles [Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Ogrencilerinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Iliskin Tutumlarinin Belirlenmesi]

Social gender tells about the personality traits, roles and responsibilities defined socially for women and men in the society. Social gender roles, on the other hand, tell about the roles that are considered to be related with men and women in a traditional way. Social gender role includes the personality traits and behaviors that are considered to be proper for men and women in a cultural manner. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the students at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, on social gender roles, and examine the factors that are effective on these attitudes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and was conducted at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine between the dates December 2014 - March 2015. Written approval was received from Malatya Clinical Researches Ethics Board and Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine in order to conduct the study. The minimum sampling size formula was calculated for the 1298 students studying at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine. The minimum sampling size was found as 328. Half of the students were selected randomly from the class lists at the beginning of the study. 684 students were included in the study. The questionnaire form which included the Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles (ASGR), whose first part was developed by the socio-demographic properties of the participants, and the second part developed by the researcher, was used as the data collection tool. This scale consists of 38 Items. The highest points that may be received from the scale is 190 and the lowest is 38. Receiving high points means having an egalitarian attitude. There are five sub-dimensions of the scale and they are; egalitarian gender, woman gender, gender at marriage, traditional gender and male gender roles. In statistical analyses of the data for the independent variables, the Man Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis Test (Post Hoc Bonferroni) were used. The mean age of the participant students was 22±2,23. 40, 8% of the participants were male, and 59,2% were female. The average of the total points of the students received from the Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles was found as 139 (min 53-max 185). It was determined that female students had meaningfully more egalitarian attitude with 146 median points (p=0.001). While the median points received in the 17-19 age group was 143, it was 135 in people over 25 years of age 135 (p=0,027). The median points of the students whose mothers worked was found to be 146, and of those whose mothers did not work was found as 137 (p=0,001). When the median points of the students received from the scale in terms of their families were compared, it was determined that it was 127 in students who lived in a wide family, and 140 in those who lived in an elementary family (p=0.004). When the median points of the ASGR were considered according to the educational status of the mothers, it was determined that the median points of those students whose mothers were not educated was 133; and the median points of those whose mothers were university graduates was found as 145 (p=0,010). When the points received from the social gender roles sub-dimensions were considered, it was observed that female students had meaningfully more egalitarian attitudes when compared with the male students (p=0,001). In this study, which was conducted to determine the attitudes of the students of faculty of medicine on social gender roles, it was determined that the students showed a more egalitarian attitudes when compared with other employees. Female students, younger students, those living in elementary families, those whose mothers are working and have higher educational status show more egalitarian attitudes. It may be recommended that classes on social gender may be added to the curriculum in medicine faculties, and peer trainings may be organized with the participation of especially male students. [Med-Science 2016; 5(1.000): 102-16

Information and Practices about Childrens Dental Health of the Mothers Have 2-4 Year Old and Who Applied Sitmapinari Family Health Center in the City of Malatya [Malatya Sitmapinari ASM ye Basvuran 2-4 Yas Cocugu Olan Annelerin Cocuklarinin Dis Sagligina Ait Bilgi Duzeyi ve Uygulamalari]

According to the Dental Association of Turkey, the prevalence of the preschool children having caries and bearing its consequences is over 80%. It is a common known fact that brushing teeth decreases the risk of caries in teeth at a meaningful level. Protection of dental health in early childhoodand giving the habits of keeping the teeth healthy to children are closely related with the knowledge and attitudes of mothers. Our purpose in this study is to determine the levels of information on dental and oral health of the mothers who applied to Sitmapinari Family Health Center in the city of Malatya with 2-4-year-old children. It is also aimed in this study that the applications and the factors that affect them are defined in this context as well. The study has the quality of being a definitive one, and has been conducted with the mothers having children between the ages 2-4 who applied to Sitmapinari Family Health Center. A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was applied to 331 mothers. The questionnaire form included questions on the socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers as well as their information levels on the applications on oral and dental health.In the analyses of the data, the Chi-Square Test, Unpaired T Test and One Way Anova Tests were used. 40,5% of the children of the mothers who participated in our study brush their teeth. The rate of knowing that the toothpaste must include fluorine among the mothers has been determined as 24,8%; and the rate of knowing why the fluorine is added to the toothpastes has been determined as 28,2%. 33,2% of the mothers are inclined to check the food of their children with the same spoon their children are using during the meal, which makes it easier for caries to appear. The educational level, socio-economic status, working or not working of mother, brushing their own teeth or not influenced the brushing the teeth behavior of the children and the knowledge levels of the mothers on dental and oral health(p0,05). In conclusion, wrong applications that influence the oral and dental health in a bad way are very common, and must be fought against. Mothers must be informed on the reasons of the fluorine gel and polisher agents, and also on the importance of brushing teeth. [Med-Science 2016; 5(1.000): 72-85

Investigation of sociodemographic and health characteristics of mothers in low birth weight newborns in Malatya city center

The prerequisite for a healthy life is to be born healty. Low birth weight (LBW) is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in early or late period of life. So reducing the incidence of low birth weight not only lowers infant mortality rates but also has multiple benefits over the life cycle.The purpose of this study is to find out whether the differences in terms of socio-demographic and health characteristics of newborns mothers with LBW than normal weight ones. This study covers to the mothers who gave birth in obstetrics and gynecology clinics of two hospitals during March and June 2010 in Malatya city center. It is a case-control study according to the time scheduled beeing a cross-sectional. The 45-item questionnaire surveyed to 350 mothers of newbors selected by random procedure was performed by the method of face-to-face interview. 123 newborns under 2500 grams as case group, 227 infants 2500 grams and over were taken as control. For evaluation of the data used by SPSS program, chi-square test for independent samples was performed in analysis. 95% confidence interval, and error level of p = 0.05 was chosen. 58.3% of the mothers\' ages ranged from 20 to 30 in the study included. 28.0% of the mothers\' education level was primary school or less, 28.9% had seen in the higher-level education. 57,4% of mothers were housewives and 26.9% of those had a monthly income 550 $ below. 85.1% of mothers have lived in urban area and 14.9% in the villages. At the end of this study; 5.4 times (95% CI = 2.2 [Med-Science 2013; 2(3.000): 665-78