Çene kemiklerinin yeni tehlikesi: bisfosfonatlar

Bisphosphonate compounds have been used for the improvement of the lives of cancer patients by reducing complications such as hypercalcemia. They are preferred to treat bone metastases of solid tumors such as breast, prostate and lung cancer, and also utilized in the management of lytic lesions of multiple myeloma. Intravenous administration of high doses of bisphosphonates for the management of benign conditions occasionally lead to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. In many cases lesions appear spontaneously, or following an infection or a dental extraction. At present, there is no definite treatment for this particular druginduced necrosis of bone except conservative debridement of bone lesions, oral antibiotics and local irrigations. It is important to recognize the clinical and radiographic features of the bisphosohonate osteonecrosis of the jaws in order to provide early diagnosis and to improve the care of these patients.   ÖZET Bisfosfonat bileşikleri malignansiye bağlı olarak gelişen hiperkalseminin düzenlenmesinde ve ayrıca, meme, prostat ve akciğer kanserlerine bağlı tümörlerin ve multipl myelomaya bağlı metastatik lezyonların tedavisinde kanser hastalarının hayat kalitelerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bisfosfonatların yüksek dozlarda intravenöz olarak uygulanmaları nedeniyle ilaca bağlı bir yan etki olarak çenelerde osteonekroz gelişebilmektedir. Lezyonlar kendiliğinden oluşabildiği gibi, bir enfeksiyon ve diş çekimi genellikle olayı hızlandırmaktadır. İlaca bağlı olarak gelişen bu özgün kemik nekrozu için henüz kesin bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Konservatif yaklaşım uygulanan vakalarda, kemiğin açığa çıkmış olduğu hastaların büyük bölümünde oral antibiyotikler, antienflamatuvarlar ve açık yara bölgesinin lokal irrigasyonu önerilmektedir. Bisfosfonat osteonekrozuna ait klinik ve radyografik özelliklerin iyi bilinmesi ve bu tür hastalarda klinik ve radyolojik belirtilerin değerlendirilmesi, erken tanı ve tedavi açısından da önem taşımaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bisfosfonatlar, osteonekroz, metastaz, hiperkalsemi, çen

Prognostic factors in direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide: 2-to 6-year follow-up

WOS: 000391388300039PubMed ID: 27041110The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the influence of various predictors on healing outcomes after direct pulp capping (DPC) using either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or calcium hydroxide (CH) as a pulp-dressing agent. The present study included 172 mature asymptomatic permanent teeth with carious-exposed pulp. The teeth were treated with DPC, using either MTA or CH, and the treatment outcome was evaluated clinically and radiographically. The effect of potential clinical variables on the treatment outcome of DPC was evaluated clinically and radiographically during a 24-72-month follow-up. In order to assess the cumulative successes of CH and MTA after DPC, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test was used. The subgroups were compared by means of the log-rank test. Also, univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine hazard ratio of clinical variables. One hundred and fifty-two teeth of 172 capped teeth were available for follow-up, with an overall recall rate of 87.6 % for MTA vs 89.3 % for CH. The mean period of follow-up was 37.3 (+/- 17.2) months. Overall success rates of 85.9 and 77.6 % in the MTA and CH groups were observed, respectively. The cumulative success rate of both materials was not statistically different when analysed by the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (P = 0.282). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that 2-year overall pulp survival was 91.4 %, while the 4- and 6-year survival rates were 84 and 65 %, respectively. None of the clinical variables had a considerable influence on the outcome of DPC (p > 0.05). MTA-capped teeth demonstrated a slightly higher success rate than CH, revealing that it can be recommended as a reliable direct pulp-capping material. None of the clinical variables investigated significantly affected posttreatment healing. DPC with MTA is a straightforward procedure with favourable outcome of 24- to 72-month follow-ups in vital mature asymptomatic permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulp, and it may be considered a realistic alternative therapy to RCT

The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

WOS: 000265560500002PubMed ID: 19374030Purpose of review To review the literature on toluidine blue (TBlue) and to discuss the utility of TBlue in assessing and in clinical management of patients with oral mucosal lesions. The literature search was conducted using key word search including oral cancer, oral premalignant lesions, and TBlue and by selecting references from the articles reviewed. Recent findings The findings of this review show that TBlue has utility as an adjunct in the detection of premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions and in identifying high-risk areas of lesions for biopsy in patients at increased risk of cancer when evaluated by experienced healthcare workers. Summary TBlue positive lesions, whether histologically benign or with dysplasia, predict molecular change and behavior of oral premalignant lesions. TBlue may provide information regarding lesion margins, accelerate the decision to biopsy, guide biopsy site selection and treatment of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. These findings support the utility of TBlue as a clinical adjunct in assessment of oral mucosal lesions

Çene kemiklerinin yeni tehlikesi: bisfosfonatlar

<p>Bisphosphonate compounds have been used for the improvement of the lives of cancer patients by reducing complications such as hypercalcemia. They are preferred to treat bone metastases of solid tumors such as breast, prostate and lung cancer, and also utilized in the management of lytic lesions of multiple myeloma. Intravenous administration of high doses of bisphosphonates for the management of benign conditions occasionally lead to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. In many cases lesions appear spontaneously, or following an infection or a dental extraction. At present, there is no definite treatment for this particular druginduced necrosis of bone except conservative debridement of bone lesions, oral antibiotics and local irrigations. It is important to recognize the clinical and radiographic features of the bisphosohonate osteonecrosis of the jaws in order to provide early diagnosis and to improve the care of these patients.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ÖZET</strong></p> <p>Bisfosfonat bileşikleri malignansiye bağlı olarak gelişen hiperkalseminin düzenlenmesinde ve ayrıca, meme, prostat ve akciğer kanserlerine bağlı tümörlerin ve multipl myelomaya bağlı metastatik lezyonların tedavisinde kanser hastalarının hayat kalitelerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bisfosfonatların yüksek dozlarda intravenöz olarak uygulanmaları nedeniyle ilaca bağlı bir yan etki olarak çenelerde osteonekroz gelişebilmektedir. Lezyonlar kendiliğinden oluşabildiği gibi, bir enfeksiyon ve diş çekimi genellikle olayı hızlandırmaktadır. İlaca bağlı olarak gelişen bu özgün kemik nekrozu için henüz kesin bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Konservatif yaklaşım uygulanan vakalarda, kemiğin açığa çıkmış olduğu hastaların büyük bölümünde oral antibiyotikler, antienflamatuvarlar ve açık yara bölgesinin lokal irrigasyonu önerilmektedir. Bisfosfonat osteonekrozuna ait klinik ve radyografik özelliklerin iyi bilinmesi ve bu tür hastalarda klinik ve radyolojik belirtilerin değerlendirilmesi, erken tanı ve tedavi açısından da önem taşımaktadır.</p> <p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:</strong> Bisfosfonatlar, osteonekroz, metastaz, hiperkalsemi, çene</p&gt

The contribution of artificial intelligence to reducing the diagnostic delay in oral cancer.

Oral cancer (OC) is the sixth most commonly reported malignant disease globally, with high rates of disease-related morbidity and mortality due to advanced loco-regional stage at diagnosis. Early detection and prompt treatment offer the best outcomes to patients, yet the majority of OC lesions are detected at late stages with 45% survival rate for 2 years. The primary cause of poor OC outcomes is unavailable or ineffective screening and surveillance at the local point-of-care level, leading to delays in specialist referral and subsequent treatment. Lack of adequate awareness of OC among the public and professionals, and barriers to accessing health care services in a timely manner also contribute to delayed diagnosis. As image analysis and diagnostic technologies are evolving, various artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, specific algorithms and predictive models are beginning to have a considerable impact in improving diagnostic accuracy for OC. AI based technologies combined with intraoral photographic images or optical imaging methods are under investigation for automated detection and classification of OC. These new methods and technologies have great potential to improve outcomes, especially in low-resource settings. Such approaches can be used to predict oral cancer risk as an adjunct to population screening by providing real-time risk assessment. The objective of this study is to (1) provide an overview of components of delayed OC diagnosis and (2) evaluate novel AI based approaches with respect to their utility and implications for improving oral cancer detection

Deep learning for automated detection and numbering of permanent teeth on panoramic images

[No Abstract Available

Patient specific follow-up to monitor the risk of malignant transformation on oral mucosa

[No Abstract Available