203 research outputs found
Epidemiological Modeling of Bovine Brucellosis in India.
The study objective is to develop an epidemiological model of brucellosis transmission dynamics among cattle in India and to estimate the impact of different prevention and control strategies. The prevention and control strategies are test-and-slaughter, transmission rate reduction, and mass vaccination. We developed a mathematical model based on the susceptible-infectious-recovered epidemic model to simulate brucellosis transmission dynamics, calibrated to the endemically stable levels of bovine brucellosis prevalence of cattle in India. We analyzed the epidemiological benefit of different rates of reduced transmission and vaccination. Test-and-slaughter is an effective strategy for elimination and eradication of brucellosis, but socio-cultural constraints forbid culling of cattle in India. Reducing transmission rates lowered the endemically stable levels of brucellosis prevalence correspondingly. One-time vaccination lowered prevalence initially but increased with influx of new susceptible births. While this epidemiological model is a basic representation of brucellosis transmission dynamics in India and constrained by limitations in surveillance data, this study illustrates the comparative epidemiological impact of different bovine brucellosis prevention and control strategies
6-Methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one
The carbazole unit of the title molecule, C13H13NO2, is not planar. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the pyrrole ring is 1.69 (6)°. The cyclohexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. Intermolecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal structure. A C—H⋯π interaction, involving the benzene ring, is also found in the crystal structure
3-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-9H-carbazol-1(2H)-one
In the title molecule, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the fused pyrrole ring is 2.03 (5)°. The methyl group at the 3-position has an equatorial orientation. The cyclohexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. Three C atoms of the cyclohexene ring, with their attached H atoms, and all atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two positions, the site-occupancy factors being 0.883 (2) and 0.117 (2). In the crystal structure, molecules are stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A C—H⋯π interaction, involving the benzene ring, is also found
7,8,9,10-Tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indol-6(5H)-one
In the title molecule, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.05 (5)°. The cycloheptene ring adopts a slightly distorted boat conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. A C—H⋯π interaction, involving the benzene ring, is also found in the structure
4-Methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indol-6(5H)-one
In the title compound, C14H15NO, the seven-membered ring exhibits a slightly distorted twist-boat conformation. The pyrrole ring forms a dihedral angle of 1.44 (10)° with the fused benzene ring. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form a centrosymmetric dimer and weak C—H⋯π interactions are also found in the crystal structure
6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-9H-carbazol-1(2H)-one
The carbazole unit of the title molecule, C12H10ClNO, is not planar. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.35 (10)°. The cyclohexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers
Increased expression of heme-binding protein 1 early in Alzheimer's disease is linked to neurotoxicity.
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder leading to progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, understanding AD progression at the molecular level, especially at its early stages, remains elusive. Here, we identified several presymptomatic AD markers by investigating brain proteome changes over the course of neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD). We show that one of these markers, heme-binding protein 1 (Hebp1), is elevated in the brains of both 3×Tg-AD mice and patients affected by rapidly-progressing forms of AD. Hebp1, predominantly expressed in neurons, interacts with the mitochondrial contact site complex (MICOS) and exhibits a perimitochondrial localization. Strikingly, wildtype, but not Hebp1-deficient, neurons showed elevated cytotoxicity in response to heme-induced apoptosis. Increased survivability in Hebp1-deficient neurons is conferred by blocking the activation of the mitochondrial-associated caspase signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlight a role of Hebp1 in progressive neuronal loss during AD progression
4,8-Dimethylpyrano[2,3-a]carbazol-2(11H)-one
The molecule of the title compound, C17H13NO2, is nearly planar, the r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms excluding the two methyl C atoms being 0.089 Å. Intermolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structure. C—H⋯π interactions are also found. The H atoms of the methyl group attached to the benzene ring are disordered equally over two positions
The hybrid non-ethylene and ethylene ripening response in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is associated with differential regulation of MADS-box transcription factors
Fruit development of the diploid kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A'
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the advent of high throughput genomic tools, it is now possible to undertake detailed molecular studies of individual species outside traditional model organisms. Combined with a good understanding of physiological processes, these tools allow researchers to explore natural diversity, giving a better understanding of biological mechanisms. Here a detailed study of fruit development from anthesis through to fruit senescence is presented for a non-model organism, kiwifruit, <it>Actinidia chinensis </it>('Hort16A').</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Consistent with previous studies, it was found that many aspects of fruit morphology, growth and development are similar to those of the model fruit tomato, except for a striking difference in fruit ripening progression. The early stages of fruit ripening occur as the fruit is still growing, and many ripening events are not associated with autocatalytic ethylene production (historically associated with respiratory climacteric). Autocatalytic ethylene is produced late in the ripening process as the fruit begins to senesce.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By aligning <it>A. chinensis </it>fruit development to a phenological scale, this study provides a reference framework for subsequent physiological and genomic studies, and will allow cross comparison across fruit species, leading to a greater understanding of the diversity of fruits found across the plant kingdom.</p
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