Effect of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

Background: Several medications have been tested with the aim of decreasing oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on dialysis. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in different types of intracranial tumors within their relative peritumoral tissues

Objectives: Elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and changes in the concentration of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems have been reported in various cancers, but there are very few reports available of lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress in patients with intracranial neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in different types of tumors and to compare the results with their relative peritumoral tissues and compare the oxidative status in different grades of tumors

Influence of Intermittent Hypobaric Exposure on SOD and TBARS Levels in Trained Rats

Live high train low (LHTL) is a well-known training model for preparation of competitions. In this study, the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined in heart, lung and muscle tissues of rats. They were intermittently exposed to hypobaric pressure of 523 mmHg, corresponding to an altitude of 3,000 m, and they performed swim training at sea level. Two groups of male rats were trained to swim for thirty minutes a day and 4 days a week, lasting 9 weeks. Two groups were exposed to hypobaria for 120 min a day and 4 days a week for 9 weeks in pressure cabin

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide and evaluation of the brain tissue damage induced by Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and neurons and synthesized by an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Various effector mechanisms and infections can affect the NO production. Excessive amount of NO will lead to biochemical reactions, which cause toxic effects. In this study the role of NO has been evaluated in larval toxocarosis, which is a systemic parasite infection caused by T. canis larvae. Infection was established in the Balb/c mice with or without inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibition and the effects of infection and NOS inhibition were observed according to the results of SOD and LPx measurements in brain tissue and NADPH-diaphorase (NADP-d) histochemistry. Results of NADPH-d histochemistry indicate that iNOS inhibition has protective effect on the brains of infected mice and that larval T. canis infection could be related to oxidative stress, and NO production and iNOS inhibition can protect the tissue from damage in this infection

Effects of Calcium Dobesilate on Adrenomedullin, Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Experimental Stress Ulcer Formation

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the adrenomedullin (AM) and total nitric oxide (NOx) [nitrite plus nitrate] levels in experimentally induced stress ulcer model in rats. To examine the relation with oxidative stress, we measured the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity together with the effect of calcium dobesilate (Ca-D) as well. Material and Methods: In this study, 33 female Wistar-Albino rats weighing about 230 g (200-250) aged 7-8 months were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups each containing 11 rats. The Ca-D-treated stress group received daily single oral dose of calcium dobesilate for 10 days (group 1). The saline-treated stress group received daily single oral dose of saline (same volume with calcium dobesilate) for 10 days (group 2). The non-stressed control group received daily single oral dose of saline (same volume with calcium dobesilate) for 10 days (group 3). In all groups of rats, plasma AM, NOx and TBARS levels as well as gastric mucosa NOx, TBARS levels. and SOD activity were determined. Results: In group 2 plasma AM (p< 0.001), plasma NOx (p< 0.001), gastric mucosa NOx (p< 0,001), and gastric mucosa TBARS levels (p< 0.01) were significantly higher than the levels in the control group. In group 1, elevated plasma NOx, gastric mucosa NOx, and plasma TBARS levels were found compared to the control group. On the other hand, the average plasma adrenomedullin and gastric mucosa TBARS levels in group 2 were significantly higher (p< 0.001) and plasma NOx levels were lower (p< 0.01) compared to group 1. In addition, in group 1 and 2, decreased SOD activity (p< 0.001) was found in gastric mucosa compared to the control group. Conclusion Elevated levels of AM and NOx may be generated to protect the organism as a response to increased oxidative stress. Calcium dobesilate may partially protect the organism against oxidative stress in stress ulcer pathogenesis, probably in relation to NO. However, further studies will be required to evaluate the role of calcium dobesilate in stress ulcer pathogenesis because of low levels of plasma AM and high levels of plasma TBARS in Ca-D-treated stress group

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine visceral larva migrans: Effects on lung and liver damage

The roles of nitric oxide production and oxidative process were studied in mice infected with Toxocara canis and treated with aminoguanidine which is a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Relations of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and tissue pathology were assessed by biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical methods. In experiments, Balb/c albino mice were inoculated with T. canis eggs either with or without aminoguanidine treatment or alone, at 24(th), 48(th) hours and on 7(th) days. LPx and SOD values in liver tissue and plasma were measured. Liver and lung tissues were evaluated for the pathological lesions. The expression of eNOS and iNOS in both tissues were studied with immunohistochemistry in the same intervals. We observed significant differences between T. canis infected and aminoguanidine treated animals. Larval toxocarosis led to oxidative stress elevation in plasma. Microscopic examination of the liver histological sections revealed pathological lesions in the hepatic parenchyma in infected mice. In the mice received T. canis eggs plus aminoguanidine, the sinusoidal areas were enlarged. Histological lesions were more severe at 48 hours after infection. Numbers of eNOS and iNOS expressing epithelial cells were increased in the T. canis infected mice. The activities of eNOS and iNOS were also observed in the body of the larvae which have migrated to lung and liver. As a result, we have demonstrated that in vivo production of eNO and iNO during T. canis infection cause direct host damages and it is strongly related to the oxidative stress. We propose that larval NO can also be effective in larval migration, but it needs further investigation on distribution of NO in larvae

Alterations in superoxide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in thinner inhaled rat lungs: Relationship between histopathological properties

Paint thinner has widespread use in industry. The use of thinner among children as a narcotic agent has become a social and health problem. There is some evidence that organic solvents may express their toxicity by the way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cell damage. ROS has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation in biological membranes. This study examined peroxidative and histopathological changes in the rat lung, during 5 weeks of thinner inhalation. Significant increases were found in lipid peroxidation (MDA + 4-DHA) levels related to the duration of inhalation. As opposed to increases in the lipid peroxidation levels, significant decreases in superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels were observed from the third inhalation week to the end of the fifth week. At the beginning of the inhalation slight inflammatory changes, intraalveolar and interstitial extravasation and oedema in lung parenchyma were noted. As the inhalation period extended, chronic inflammatory changes, alveolar epithelial proliferation, collapse, emphysematous changes and interstitial fibrosis in lung were detected. (C) 1998 The Italian Pharmacological Society